- Sanjay Naithani
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Singh, S. P.
- Bamboo as a Raw Material for Pulp and Paper
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 9 (2008), Pagination: 1157-1164Abstract
Bamboo contributes as a source of long fiber in the pulp and paper furnish. The physical and chemical characteristic of bamboo as a raw material varied form species to species. The raw material having low lignin content reduces chemical consumption and pollution load during pulping and bleaching whereas high holocellulose content results in more productivity. Anatomical characters like fibre morphology is one of the important character which plays very important role on the structure and properties of the end products like paper and textile. The ratio of length and wall thickness affect the flexibility and collapsibility of fiber, which inturn reduces the energy requirement during beating. There is need to fill up the gap between demand and supply by raising quality bamboo.Keywords
Bamboo, Raw Material, Paper & Pulp Industry- Selection Parameters in Relation to Plant Types in Rosa damascena (Mill)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 5 (2007), Pagination: 713-717Abstract
No abstract- Working and Finishing Qualities of some Andaman Timbers
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 4 (2003), Pagination: 479-488Abstract
Briefly mentioning the work done for evaluating the working and polishing qualities of Andaman timbers, the results obtained on eight Andaman timbers namely Dipterocarpus alatus, Lagerstroemia hypoleuca, Myristica prainii, Pterocarpus dalbergiodes, Terminalia bialata, Terminalia manii, Terminalia procera and Terminalia nudiflora are presented in this paper along with their other available properties and uses. The results of this study indicate that most of the species can be worked to fine, to very fine surface and high gloss can also be obtained after application of artificial films of polish.- WORKING QUALITIES OF SOME INDIAN TIMBERS - PART - X
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 9 (2002), Pagination: 1021-1032Abstract
This paper is in continuation of earlier papers on systematic evaluation on working qualities of Indian timbers in which results of working qualities of seven more species namely Abies pindrow, Acacia tortilis, Leucaena leucocephala, Piciea smithiana, Paulownia species, Salix alba and Ulmus wallichiana have been reported after testing them under six major wood working operations - Planing, Sanding, Turning, Shaping, Boring and Mortizing. The working quality index based on quality of worked surface and ease of working for each species are reported along with the results of Tectona grandis for comparison. These results indicate that overall performance of Paulownia species and Ulmus wallichiana is better than Teak where as Acacia tortilis, Leucaena leucocephala and Piciea smithiana are comparable to Teak. These are easy to very easy to work with hand and machine tools.- Utilisation of Poplar for Wood Composites
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 154-159Abstract
To meet the growing shortages of industrial wood, large scale plantations of poplars have been raised in the country. Poplar wood possesses high timber and fibre value for industrial applications. Several studies on different utilization aspects of Poplar, including its physical and mechanical properties, wood working and carving quality, and its suitability for plywood, hardboard, particle board and laminated wood etc., have been undertaken. The wood is now extensively used in the manufacture of plywood, match boxes and packing cases etc. With increasing availability of Poplar wood in coming years, it is necessary to study in detail clone-wise properties and utilization of Poplar species for diversifying the use of Poplar wood. This paper describes the recent research and development work carried out on Poplar wood utilization for reconstituted wood products at this Institute.- Evaluation of Eucalyptus Hybrid Clones with Respect to Pulping and Paper Making Properties
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 126, No 3 (2000), Pagination: 274-278Abstract
Three clones of Eucalyptus hybrid were subjected to kraft pulping experiments at 16% total active alkali charge. Four trees of each clone were studied. Pulp yield, screened rejects, kappa number and physical strength properties in terms of tensile index, burst index and tear index were determined after beating the unbleached pulps in PFI mill at constant revolution of 8000. All the trees from these clones possessed adequate pulp yield and strength properties in the following order: Clone B(48.00%) > Clone C(43.71%) > Clone A(42.92%).- Studies on Carving Quality of some Indian Timbers
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 8 (2006), Pagination: 1019-1023Abstract
Keeping in view the need for substitutes of conventional timbers like sissoo, teak, rosewood, sandalwood and walnut, the carving behaviour of eleven Indian timbers were studied systematically under four main carving operations, viz., chiseling, scooping, punching and fret sawing. On the basis of ease of working, occurrence of defects, cleanness of cutting edges, quality of carved surface etc., a quantitative method for comparing the overall carving behaviour with teak is developed and suggested. The results presented indicate that Acer oblongum (Maple), Michelia champaca (Champ), Himalayan species, Cupressus torulosa (Cypress) behave better than teak while Terminalia procera (Badam), Adina cardifolia (Haldu) and Olea glandulifera (Indian olive) behave comparable to teak.- Seed Characteristics and Germination Behaviour of some Early and Late Successional Tree Species on a Nutrient Gradient
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 124, No 3 (1998), Pagination: 247-251Abstract
Seed characterlstics and germination behaviour on nutrient gradient was studied in three early and three late successional tree species. It was found that early successional species have lower seed dry weight (835 to 110 mg seed-1) in comparison to late successional species (1,250 to 7,250 mg seed-1). Seed moisture content was also greater for late successional species (52.58%) than for early successional species (19.97%). However, per cent germination was lower for late successionaispecies (65%) in comparison to early successional species (78%). All species showed broad germination responses on the nutrient gradient.- Dynamics of Growth in Some Agroforestry Tree Species Under South Saurashtra Region of Gujarat
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 7 (1996), Pagination: 570-576Abstract
Among the ten tree species tried in field conditions of South Saurashtra region of Gujarat at College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Junagadh, the survival percentage was higher in all the tree species except Eucalyptus. Siris and Persian lilac had higher plant height while the stem girth was higher in Cordia and Persian lilac. The number of leaves retained per plant was highest in Manila tamarind followed by Persian lilac. The total leaf area per plant was highest in Persian lilac followed by Siris and Neem.- Aspects of Pulping and Papermaking from Bamboos
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 10 (1988), Pagination: 701-710Abstract
This paper gives briefy an account of the chemical and morphological characteristics of major species of bamboo used for papermaking The researches carried out on (i) pulping and bleaching (II) effect of morphological characteristics on sheet properties (iii) beating properties, and (iv) decay on storage and its effect on pulp properties have been reviewed and discussed. A brief description about industrial pulping and papermaking is given.- Yield of Heartwood in Acacia catechu (Khair) for Use in Katha Manufacture
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 113, No 6 (1987), Pagination: 404-408Abstract
Tbe heartwood of Acacia catechu (khair) tree is used in manufacture of katha. The period of harvest to meet the needs of industry will thus depend upon the time of maximum heartwood production. Tree model to simulate growth and yield of khair has been developed to predict yields obtainable under different site conditions. It also provides information to initial spacing for planting to obtain the most from the site.- Effect of Locality of Growth and Fibre Characteristics of Leucaena leucocephala on Kraft Pulp
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 112, No 12 (1986), Pagination: 1104-1112Abstract
The paper gives a comparative account of the evaluatinn of Su-babul (L leucocpphala) ,grown in Pune. At Siliguri and Rajabhatkhawa, for bleached grade kraft pulp. The data on pulping and bleaching properties indicate that the wood from all the three sources can be pulped to obtain bleachable grade pulp (Kappa No 26 ± t) using 17% active alkali as Na2O. The bleached pilip yield was about 45% in an the three cases. To achieve a pulp of 7% brightness CEH sequence with total chlorine application of 9.7% was adequate for samples for Pune and Rajabhatkhawa; whereas in case of Siliguri sample another stage of hypochlorite (2% av. Chlorine) was needed. The strength properties data indicate that wood of all the three localities is suitable for producing bleached kraft pulps for writing and printing papers. It was found that fibre characteristics (The Runkel ratio and shape factor) had marked influence on strenglh properties. The tensile index, tear index and burst index decreased with increase in the hunkel ratio and shape factor.- Studies on Genetic Variability for some Economic Traits in Solanum viarum Dunal
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 6 (1985), Pagination: 432-440Abstract
A study of base population of Solanum viarum Dunal and fifteen selections made from it has been undertaken. A wide range of variability was observed for days to flower, number of berries and yield/plant in the base population. Selections were made for earliness and yield and coefficient of variability, heritablity and genetic advance has been studied in them. The highest genotypic variance was observed for yield/plant and lowest for solasodine content. Heritability was high for all the characters except for solasodine content. Genetic advance was high for yield/plant followed by number of berries/plant and moderate for plant spread, solasodine content and plant height. High heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance and genotype coefficient of variability was observed for yield/plant, number of berries/plant, plant spread and plant height.- Evaluation of Hardwoods of Andaman and Nicobar Islands for Kraft Pulps for Wrapping, Writing and Printing Papers
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 6 (1985), Pagination: 453-466Abstract
The present paper gives a comparative account of basic density and kraft pulping characteristics of fourteen species of Barataung area and eighteen species of Middle Andman area of Andaman&Nicobar Islands. The properties of kraft pulps of individual species have also been evaluated. It has been found that the basic density varied widely with species in both areas. In Barstaung area the variation was from 0.302 to 0.847 g/cm2, whereas for Middle Andaman gives area it was in between 0.261 to 0.728 g/cm2. Laboratory experiments on kraft pulping of individual species have shown that most of them gave screened pulp in the range of 40-45% yield, the only exception being Mitraeyna retundifolia of Barataung area and Knema sp of Middle Andaman area which gave pulp yield below 40%. The physical strength properties of unbleached kraft pulps of all the species were found to be adequate for wrapping grade paper. Pilot plant trials have shown that the mixed species of both areas could be pulped wlth 18% active alkali (as Na2O) to produce unbleached kraft pulps of about 45% of yield. The paper made from these unbleached kraft pulps on pilot paper machine was of satisfactory strength for use as wrapping paper. It was further established that these pulps could be bleached to 75 brightness by conventional C/E/H/H/ sequence to produce writing and printing paper.- A Study on the Effect of Different Spacing Treatments on Yield from Eucalyptus tereticornis Plantations
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 9 (1985), Pagination: 667-677Abstract
The effect of different spacing treatments on yield from Eucalyptus plantations has been studied. It is observed that the spacing 1.0 m × 1.0 m gives highest yield whereas spacing 2.5 m × 2.5 m gives the lowest. The Spacing treatments do not seem to have any effect on survival of plants.- Total Tree Volume Table for Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Andaman Padauk)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 10 (1985), Pagination: 784-786Abstract
Provisional volume tables for Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Andaman padauk) have been prepared. Use has been made of 'Cosh function' as independent variable to improve volume (V) Prediction by V =a+b D2H regression over entire data range, where D is diameter at breast height and H is height of a tree.- Provisional Growth Estimate of Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Andaman Padauk)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 4 (1984), Pagination: 396-400Abstract
Information on growth of Pterocarpus dalbergioldes (Andaman padauk) is scanty and no attempt was to estimate period of harvest for this species. Though the growth data is limited, yet attempt is made to study its growth pattern and project the same in the form of yield table.- Effects of Spacing and Thinnings in Casuarina Stands
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 1 (1983), Pagination: 12-16Abstract
no abstract- Growth of Poplar Plantations in Tarai Region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 10 (1983), Pagination: 755-761Abstract
no abstract- Provisional Growth Estimate of Lagerstroemia hypoleuca (Pyinma)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 3 (1983), Pagination: 137-139Abstract
Information on growth of Lagerstroemia hypoleuca (Pyinma) is scanty and no attempt was made to estimate period of harvest for this species. Though the growth data is limited, yet attempt is made to study its growth pattern and project the same in the form of yield table.- Permanent Sample Plots in Stands of Mixed Species
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 7 (1983), Pagination: 449-457Abstract
The utility of permanent sample plots in assessment of stand growth highlighted. This method is also followed in stands of mixed species. Measurement of plots in mixed species and analysis of data collected present serious problems. Therefore, quite often indication of approximate growth is visualised from basic data. Basic sample plot data from forests of dry deciduous, semi-evergreen and Moist mixed deciduous forests are quoted. Further attempt has also been made to obtain an estimate of growth of mixed plantations by application of regressions.- Provisional Volume Tables for Two Exotic Pines (species Pinus caribaea and Pinus patula)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 1 (1982), Pagination: 75-85Abstract
Provisional volume tables for Pinus caribaea and Pinus patula have been prepared. Use has been made of 'Cosh function' as independent variable to improve volume (V) prediction by V=a+b D2H regression over entire data range, where D Is diameter at breast height and H Is height of a tree.- Growth Studies of Acacia NilOtica
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 4 (1982), Pagination: 283-288Abstract
Tree model to simulate growth and yield of Bubul bas been developed. With its help, it is feasible to predict yields obtainable under different site conditions and different prediction intensify of low (ordinary) thinnings. It thus can provide information to decide initial spacing for planting so as to obtain maximum volume output from the site.- Growth Performance of Cryptomeria japonica in Hills of West Bengal
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 5 (1982), Pagination: 336-341Abstract
The growth of Cryptomeria japonica has been quoted in the past with reference to specific localities but no attempt was made to estimate its Growth in different productive sites. The paper presents growth pattern of Cryptomeria under varying conditions.- Some Thoughts About Planning Coastal Shelterbelts
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 6 (1982), Pagination: 402-407Abstract
India has a long history of cyclonic and flood damage. Occurrence of severe cyclones is be coming more frequent. It is known that these recurrent problems should be dealt at their ischolar_main and not by merely treating after-effects and consequences why then there is failure of Govt. In planning to meet periodically recurrent devastating cyclonic force. Tbe paper analyses this situation and brings out the need for giving due weightage to social environment in project formulation.- A Preliminary Note on Alkaline - Anthraquinone Pulping of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 6 (1982), Pagination: 455-459Abstract
Soda, Soda-anthraquinone (AQ) (both at 16% active alkali, approx. 1115, H factor) and Kraft (l4% active alkali, approx. 810, H factor, 25% sulphidity) pulpings were carried out to compare the yield, degree of delignification and physical strength properties of unbleached pulps, It was observed that soda. AQ pulp was slightly better than the controlled soda pulp but was inferior to the kraft pulp in respect to its quality and yield.- Crown Development of Cedrus deodara
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 7 (1982), Pagination: 490-494Abstract
Crown development of trees in stands is a facinating study. Though its application in growth and yield estimation may not be simple but it may serve useful purpose in some specific management objectives like establishment of seed production areas and management of seed orchards, guide for thinnings etc. With the help regression developed for Cedrus deodara (deodar) tabular statements have been generated to predict crown width, number of trees/ha for normal density stands and minimum number of trees/ha for full canopy coverage.- Errors resulting from class grouping of Diameters
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 8 (1982), Pagination: 567-571Abstract
no abstract- Effect of Different Spacing Treatments on Yield from Anthocephalus chinensis Plantations
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 12 (1982), Pagination: 734-740Abstract
The effect of different spacing treatments ou yield from Kadam plantations has been studied. Though the yield obtained from application of different spacings is not significantly different, it is observed that c1osest spacing of 1.83 m × 1.83 m gives highest yield and the widest spacing of 3.66 m × 3.66 m the lowest. The spacings appear to have direct effect on survival of plants. The survival percentage is maximum for widest spacing and minimum for closest spacings.- Provisional, Growth Estimates of some Species of Mixed Tropical Forests
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 3 (1982), Pagination: 230-236Abstract
no abstract- Growth Performance of Syzygium cumini
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 11 (1982), Pagination: 703-707Abstract
No attempt was made in the past to estimate growth of Syzygium cumini (jamun) In different probuctive sites. The paper presents growth pattern of jamun under varying conditions.- Standing Crop Volume Computation in Permanent Sample Plots
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 2 (1981), Pagination: 104-106Abstract
Estimation of permanent sample plot volume with accuracy depends upon correct selection of sample trees. Unbiased selection of sample trees by point sample and systematic sample method have been discussed and it is found systematic sample method in case of Pinus patula plantation 11 year old yields estimate within an error of 2%.- Tree Model for Kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) Plantations of West Bengal
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 3 (1981), Pagination: 158-165Abstract
Tree model to stimulate growth and yield of Kadam has been developed. With its help, it is feasible to predict yields obtainable under different site conditions and different predefined intensity of low (ordinary) thinnings. It thus can provide information to decide initial spacing for planting so as to obtain maximum volume output from the site.- Trends in Rotation
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 6 (1981), Pagination: 336-347Abstract
Unlike other resource management Sciences, the management of forests to yield maximum benefits is complicated. It is on account of heterogenity in size class distributions age structure, size of the population and linkage of meaning of maximum harvest with management objectives. With the harvesting policy the concept and types of rotation thus came into existance. During early years when scientific manament was evolved, the removal was cautious and restricted to trees of higher dimensions. Rotation was in consequential and so was fixed high. In due course of time uniform system based on natural regeneration was adopted to convert a forest into a series of age blocks. As technique of management became more and more refined the rotation fell in many areas thus allowing harvest of larger quantity of material. This was followed by complete artificial planting in suitable area and led to simple system of forest management cutting down further life span 10 of a crop in which trees of merchantable dimension could be produced, Mean while production had to be stepped up not only to compensate for the land lost to competing Uses but also to satisfy the increasing demand of rising population, Side by side appropriate technologies developed for various use wood even of small sizes.So attention was paid to identify various uses and demands with the view to relate these to the capacity of forests to improve the present level of production. This led to the introduction of exotics and intensive management of indigenous species which furtber resulted in reduction in rotation. The paper also summarises the information about totation of some prominent species and ther present trends.- Second Tree Diameter and Tree Volume Estimation
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 7 (1981), Pagination: 412-415Abstract
If precision in estimation total or partial stem volume is desired, measurement of second diameter at a certain fixed height, is necessary. Measurement of second diameter is not difficult, it can be easily done with the help of a horizontal scale mounted on a rod.- Total Tree Volume Table for Tectona grandis (Teak)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 10 (1981), Pagination: 621-623Abstract
no abstract- Fuelwood as Energy Source
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 12 (1981), Pagination: 785-794Abstract
Fuelwood is most important energy source meeting about 60% of its requirement, but there is hardly any exclusive plantation programme to raise fuelwood output. Presently species for which no are has been developed, defective wood and branchwood volume contribute towards fuelwood yield from natural forests. To increase yield fast growing fuelwood species can play a vital role. The approach to combat energy crisis is described. The maximum yields obtainable from differeat species under varied condition of growth are given and also a rating index to choose suitable species has been developed.- Growth and Yield of (Shorea robusta) Sal in Taungya Plantations of Gorakhpur Forest Division
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 7 (1980), Pagination: 474-481Abstract
An attempt is made to study growth and yield of Shorea robusta of taungys plantations in Gorkhpur Forest Division of Uttar Pradesh. Stocking influences crop diameter but total yield per unit areas does not vary substantially. The best level of stocking, for maximum stem volume down to 5cm diameter limit, appears to be about 1000 trees/ha at 40 years of age. However, where large sized timber is required forests can be worked at a suitable lower level of stocking without much sacrifice in total yield.- Tree Increment Plots (Species Ougeinia oojeinensis)
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 8 (1980), Pagination: 555-557Abstract
Attempt is made to analyse tree increment plot data of Ougeinia Oojeinensis by Dwlight's Co-frequency Method. A regression is developed to simulate second inventory from first inventory data. The computer programme 'TIP' developed by the author was used in the analysis.- Site Index Curves (Species- Terminalia alata Sym. T. Tomentosa)
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 9 (1980), Pagination: 609-613Abstract
Site index table for Terminalia alata has been formulated. To develope this table, a number of growth models were tested to choose the best out of them.- Volume Table for Trewia nudiflora (Gutel) -application of Cosh Function and Dummy Variable in Volume Estimation
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 10 (1980), Pagination: 696-702Abstract
The paper high-light the use of "Cosh function" and "Dummy variables" in tree volume studies. The species selected to explain the use is Trewia nudiflora, which is nature tends to become branchy.- An Approach to the Preparation of Variable Density Yield Tables
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 2 (1979), Pagination: 106-120Abstract
TradiTIonal yield tables which are prepared for fully stocked stands are not of much help in introducing manipulations precisely in management of forests to achive maximum yield of desired product in shortest period of harvest. In effect what we need is the variable density yield table. The present stuay is towards this end. It is completely a mathematical approach, in which various regressions have been developed to account for the maximum possible variation present in the crop The species selected for the study is Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) Maideen. In the analysis of data two separate growth functions(namely height growth aod basal area growth) are developed to explain their behaviour and with the assistance of third i.e. volume estimate) they are then linked together to formulate desired tables. The study has indicated following physical rotation (age of culmination of M.A.I.) for volume overbark for different productivity sites.- Locality and Growth of Mysore Gum
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 3 (1979), Pagination: 223-229Abstract
Mysore gum plantations have wide range of distribution. But on account of change in soil and climate, their growth is not same all Over Use has been made of dummy variables in multiple regression to group entire distribution into few similar regions of growth and yield. Estimates based on regions so delineated would be more accurate and explain variation in population from which they are drawn better than any haphazard attempt.- Stand Volume Tables for Uttar Pradesh Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii)
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 9 (1979), Pagination: 644-657Abstract
Point sampling technique has made easy, the assessment of crop parameters. Stand Volume Tables for Uttar Pradesh chirpine has been compiled. It gives estimates of (i)total stem volume and (ii)stand and stem timber for known crop diameter, crop basal area and top height.- Growth Potential and Thinning Yield Studies of Uttar Pradesh Chir Pine
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 10 (1979), Pagination: 706-715Abstract
The paper presents a mathematical approach to the preparation of yield tables for different density stands which are subjected to thinnings at various stages of development. Chirpine data of Uttar Pradesh have been utilised to develop various relationships. It is felt that stocking of chirpine is low in natural forests and production per unit area could be much enhanced by judicious implementation of thinnings.- High Brightness Pulps as Filter for the Production of Urea formaldehyde & Melamine formaldehyde Moulding Powder
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 104, No 1 (1978), Pagination: 51-58Abstract
High brightness pulps suitable for use as Filler for Urea formaldehyde and Melamine formaldehyde moulding powder have been prepared from unbleached and bleacbed bamboo sulphates pulps of Central Pulp Mill, Fort Sondgarh by suitable bleaching process and from Eucalyptus hybrid wood by prehydrolysis sulphate process followed by multi stage bleaching process. These pulps were evaluated by Nuchem Plastics Ltd., Faridabad and fouod suitable.- Rotation as Influenced by Stand Stocking a Study of Casuarina equisetifolia
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 104, No 7 (1978), Pagination: 491-500Abstract
The key factors which govern rotation for maximum volume production are site productivity' specification of products desired and stand stocking. Forest productivity is a function of site' products desired to be produced or can be sold are determined by demand or markets and so it is stand stocking only which can be manipulated to obtain maximum growth of desired product in shortest time. If stocking is very low' despite full growth by trees' production will be low. With high stocking' there is a stage beyond which growth does not increase with stocking and with further increase of stocking growth may decline because of stagnation. Now the question arises as to what is the level of optimum stocking? In the present paper attempt is made to identify this level by use of regression technique.- Stem Volume Preodiction Models for Variable Diameter Limits
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 103, No 1 (1977), Pagination: 23-28Abstract
Attempt is 1Ilade to find out relationship between stem standard timber volume with total stem, merchantable and small wood volumes. Advantage ha. been taken of the correlation found between h/h1 and 1/d.fstf (where h1 is the standard timber bole length, fst the standard timber from factor, d the diameter at breast height and h the tree height) in finding out suitable prediction models. In the era of rapid industrialisation and changing technology wherein yard stick for specific type of raw material change day to day, it is felt that suggested prediction models will be of much use.- Stem Standard Timber form Factor of some Indian Conifers
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 11 (1976), Pagination: 747-760Abstract
The definition of stem standard timber form factor fst is analysed. Presuming a tree to be conical, it is studied as to how much error in its estimation is introduced in calculating tree volume by Huber's formula and measarement by sections. fst diameter curves for chir, kail, deodar and fir are drawn and comparative study is made. It is found that within a narrow range of diameter at breast height fst height curve is linear. Taking advantage of this observation, the procedure of Hummel's "Volume-Basal Area Line" is applied in analysis of data for compiling fst table for deodar with the difference that in the Present case, it is "fst -Height Line" drawn for each diameter class. The values of fst for predominant trees are compared with that of co-dominant and other trees of under-storey. It is revealed that suppressed trees on the whole show better form.- Cultivation of Rauwolfia serpentina in Kota Forest Division (Rajasthan)
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 91, No 4 (1965), Pagination: 239-242Abstract
Results of studies on ischolar_main and seed production and alkaloidal content of the ischolar_mains in the case of about 1,2 and 3 year old plants of Rauwolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. Ex Kurz being raispd under irrigated conditions at Kota are given. Average weight of air dried ischolar_mains per plant from 1, 2 and 3 year old plants is 22 g, 49 g and 162 g respectively. The total alkaloidal content of 1, 2 and 3 year old ischolar_mains was found to be 1.24, 1.31 and 1.50 per cent respectively and is well above the I.P. and B.P.C. standard (not less than 0.8 per cent). The seed production per plant comes to be 2.1, 3.6 and 8.0 g in case of 1, 2 and 3 year old plants respectively. The results of yield of ischolar_mains and their alkaloidal content from these plantations at Kota compare favourably with those obtained from plantations raised at Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. Possibility of extending the plantations of Rauwolfia serpentina in suitable localities in this state is indicated. Considering the increase in the yield of ischolar_mains with the age of plants, harvesting of ischolar_mains from 2 to 3 year old plants is suggested.- Chemical Pulps for Writing and Printing Papers from Guatemala grass (Tripsacum luxum Nash)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 92, No 11 (1966), Pagination: 684-686Abstract
Laboratory experiments on the production of chemical pulps for writing and printing. Papers by Soda process from Guatemala grass (Tripsacum luxum Nash) are described. The average fibre length was 1.16 mm and the average fibre diameter was 0.010 mm. Easy bleaching pulps with satisfactory strength properties for production of writing and printing papers could be prepared under suitable conditions from this grass.- Chemical Pulps Por Wrapping, and Writing Printing Papers and Semi-chemical Pulps for Strawboard Prom Stobilanthus Species
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 95, No 6 (1969), Pagination: 407-412Abstract
no abstract- Utilisation of Cupressus cashmeriana for Production of Kraft Paper, Writing and Printing Paper and Newsprint
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 95, No 9 (1969), Pagination: 640-649Abstract
Proximate chemical analysis and fibre dimension of Cupressus cashmeriana have been recorded. Sulphate pulps, suitable for kraft paper have been prepared on a laboratory scale. Laboratory as well as pilot plant experiments for the production of writing and printing paper as well as newsprint grade paper have shown that these grades of paper can also be manufactured from Cupressus cashmeriana.- Under-storey Vegetation Carbon Characterization of Shorea robusta (SAL) forests Using Ground Data and Geospatial Techniques
Authors
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Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 7 (2013), Pagination: 576-584Abstract
Phyto-mass/carbon of under-storey vegetation play a significant role in carbon dynamics, wildlife habitat quality, biodiversity, soil conservation, soil organic carbon, soil fertility, etc. Above ground phyto-mass/carbon of under-storey vegetation consisting of components like shrubs, herbs, litter and humus of sal (Shorea robusta) forest has been assessed using ground observations and these contribute (0-)1-3% in total above ground phytomass. This assessment is based using satellite remote sensing data for characterising forests for homogeneous stratification map based on forest type, forest density and physiography. Above ground phytomass in shrubby layer varied from 1.76 t/ha in 'sal-teak mixed' (Tectona grandis) with 60-80% density to 5.16±SE 1.78 t/ha in 'pure sal' with >80% density. Phytomass in herbaceous layer was almost nil in the case of very high canopy density (>80%) in 'pure sal' forest, 'sal teak mixed' and 'sal mixed' forests. The highest phytomass 1.93±SE 0.17 t/ha is reported in 'pure sal' (10-40% density) followed by 'hill sal' (10-40% density) 1.49±SE 0.03 t/h and 1.27±SE 0.01 t/ha in 'hill sal' with 40-60% density. The open (10-40% density) to moderately degraded (40-60%) 'pure sal' forests have high potential for carbon sequestration. The carbon density in shrubs, herbs, and litter-humus layer showed variable trends with different forest density strata except litter-humus in 'pure sal and sal mixed' forests. The phytomass contribution of exotic shrub such as Lantana camara in the degraded forests would be useful for management planning.Keywords
Under-storey Vegetation, Above Ground Phyto-mass, Forest Degradation, Sal Forest, Carbon Sequestration- Evaluation of some Bioagents against Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Single Plant in Field Condition
Authors
1 National Research Center on Rapeseed-Mustard, Sewar, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, IN
2 Gujarat Beej Company, Khanderao Market, Sidhnath Road, Baroda 390 001, Gujarat, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 1 (2009), Pagination: 95-97Abstract
Four bioagents, viz., Coccinella septempunctata L., Menochilus sexmaculatus (F.), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman), were evaluated against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), on single plants covered with muslin cloth in the field at National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard, Sewar, Bharatpur (Rajasthan) during 2005-06 and 2006-07. C. septempunctata @ two adults/plant was found to be the most effective, reducing 96.19% of the aphid population in 10 days followed by C. septempunctata @ two larvae per plant (93.42%), V. lecanii @ 108 spores-ml (84.90%), M. sexmaculatus @ two adults (84.62%) and C. carnea @ four larvae-plant (82.98%). C. septempunctata @ one adult per plant reduced the aphid population by 77.49% and M. sexmaculatus by 69.08%.Keywords
Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinella septempunctata, Lipaphis erysimi, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Mustard Aphid, Verticillium lecanii.References
- Behera, M. K., Behera, R. and Patro, B. 1999. Biology and feeding potential of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the chrysanthemum aphid, Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette). Journal of Biological Control, 13: 39-43.
- Honek, A. 1985. Activity and predation of Coccinella septempunctata adult in the field. Zeitschrift fur angewandte Entomologie, 100: 399-409.
- Purwar, J. P. and Sachan, G. C. 2004. Bioefficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on Brassica campestris. Journal of Aphidology, 18: 5-10.
- Sharma, D. K., Varma, G. C. and Kishore, L. 1997. Feeding capacity of predators of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. Journal of Aphidology, 11: 171-174.
- Singh, D. and Singh, H. 1993. Biology of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linn. Annals of Biology, 9: 250-253.
- Singh, N. N., Latif, H. and Pandey, R. 2003. Preying capacity of Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) on mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. Journal of Applied Zoological Research, 14: 57-58.
- Impact of Self-help Groups on Rural Women in Jammu District
Authors
1 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN
Source
International Journal of Commerce & Business Management, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 42-44Abstract
Shelf-help groups is a group of rural poor who have volunteered to organize themselves into a group for eradication of poverty of the members. The main aformation mechanism of self-help groups and to measure the impact of SHGs on rural women in means of decision making. The study consisted of 250 women members of SHGs and 250 non- SHG women members as selected respondents. The findings indicated that highest majority of women participated in SHGs for economic independence, incomegeneration activities and social contacts. The impact of decision making on SHG members were found significantly higher than non- SHG members in household expenditure, education of children, marriage of children, marketing and social customs in home.Keywords
SHG, Rural Women, Impact, Group Formation, Decision Making- Socio-economic Impacts Ofmgnrega on Rural Population in India
Authors
1 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu (J&K), IN
2 Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
3 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Shere- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
Source
International Journal of Commerce & Business Management, Vol 6, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 124-128Abstract
The NREGA addresses itself chiefly to working people and their fundamental right to live with dignity. The success of the NREGA, however, will depend on people's realization of the Act as a right. The issues involved in empowering workers are in the range of enhancement of knowledge levels, development of literacy skills and organizing workers. Enhancing social security levels of workers also needs to be considered. Another important task is to link NREGA with other developmental programmes. Empowerment of workers and creation of durable assets depend, in terms of their strategies, to a great extent on the linkages between NREGA and other development programmes. Linkages with human development programmes such as the National Rural Health Mission and the National Literacy Mission are needed to ensure basic human entitlements to workers that in turn will enhance their capacity to negotiate their rights under the Act. Linkages with other livelihood and infrastructure initiatives need to be considered for sustainable employment. The thrust of NREGA is on strengthening the natural resource base of livelihood. Initiatives for natural resource management also need to be dovetailed with income generation projects to enable workers to move from wage employment to self-sustaining employment. In addition to this, there is a need to improve the technological options for performances and monitoring.Keywords
NREGA, MGNREGA, Socio-economic Impact, Rural Population- Innovations and Technology : an Economic Analysis of their Contribution in Managing Natural Resources for Sustainable Development
Authors
1 Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, K&K, IN
2 Division of Extension Education, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN
3 Division of Economics and Statistics, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN
Source
International Journal of Commerce & Business Management, Vol 6, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 374-383Abstract
The rapid growth has helped Indian agriculture mark its presence at global level. India stands among top three in terms of production of various agricultural commodities like paddy, wheat, pulses, groundnut, rapeseeds, fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tea, jute, cotton, tobacco leaves, etc (GOI, 2008-09). But with the change in phases, the improvements in agricultural technologies and practice means has resulted in more consumption of food per head available than 40 years ago.In addition to this increasing crop yields in many parts of the world, advances in agricultural technologies have also contributed to a safer food supply, and in some cases, improved environmental quality. Over the next 30 years, agriculture will have to sustain an additional 2 billion people from an increasingly fragile resource base. Ever-growing demands and increasing pressures on land and water resources mean that agriculture has to become even more productive, efficient and environmentally sound and to foster this will require the application of new technologies , scientific knowledge improved resource management and continued public and private research investment in emerging technologies. With the beginning of the new century, the world has to faced enormous challenges to meet the food, feed and fibre needs of a growing population with rising incomes. It has been estimated that by 2025 the global population will be approximately 7.9 billion, up from 6 billion currently. Global cereal and meat demands will increase by 46% and 56%, respectively.To put an end to and to conserve the natural resource "sustainability" is commonly seen as a property of an ecosystem. But sustainability can be seen from other perspectives, which are more relevant for extension. Environmental issues emerge from the human use of natural resources. Sustainability can, therefore, be defined in terms of human reasons, activities, and agreements. Sustainability emerges out of shared human experiences, objectives, knowledge, decisions, technology, and organization. Agriculture becomes sustainable only when people have reason to make it so. Other than the introduction of sustainability innovation is also playing an important role and it should also be incorporate in natural regenerative processes, such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient recycling, maintenance of soil structure and fertility, and protection of natural enemies of insect pests, weeds and diseases, into agricultural practices. These approaches can make better use of the indigenous knowledge of farmers and, where it can be appropriately , combine with new science-based technologies for optimum results.Keywords
Sustainable Development, Technology, Innovation, Food Security, Productivity- Economic Analysis of Cost and Return for Basmati Rice Cultivation in Jammu District of J&K State
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Stastistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 9, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 674-677Abstract
An investigation entitled economic analysis of cost and returns of Basmati rice in Jammu district of J&K state was conducted in Basmati grown two different development blocks of Jammu district (R. S. Pura and Bishnah) during the agricultural year 2011-12. Four villages from each block were selected randomly. Further, from each village, 10 farmers were selected randomly, so as to constitute a total sample size of 80. Primary data on costs and returns of the Basmati was done by interviewing the farmers with the help of specially structured and pretested schedule and by visiting growers. The per hectare total costs of cultivation (cost-C2) of Basmati rice worked out to be Rs. 34107.21, Rs. 36895.48, Rs. 39414.98 and Rs. 40517.49 in case of marginal, small, medium and large farms, respectively, with an overall average farms of Rs. 38199.29 while as the respective cost A1, cost A2,cost B1, cost B2 and cost C1were Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 19363.48, Rs. 28521.21 and Rs. 24949.48 in case of marginal farms, Rs. 20305.58, Rs. 21745.58, Rs. 22469.84, Rs. 32691.48 and Rs. 26673.84 for small farms, Rs. 21804.10, Rs. 25004.10, Rs. 24622.52, Rs. 36183.98 and Rs. 27853.52 for medium farms, and Rs. 23094.17, Rs. 26694.17, Rs. 26315.43, Rs. 38287.49 and Rs. 28545.43 for large farms and on an average of overall farms were Rs. 20610.69, Rs. 23410.69, Rs. 22972.38, Rs. 34259.83 and Rs. 26911.84, respectively. The overall per hectare returns of Basmati rice were Rs. 53869.00, Rs. 53585.83, Rs. 53462.04, Rs. 54118.08 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms was Rs. 53684.06. The benefit cost ratio on the total cost of cultivation was 1: 1.57, 1: 1.45, 1: 1.36 and 1: 1.34 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms were 1: 1.40.Keywords
Cost Concept, Item Wise Cost, Cost Structure, C-B Ratio- Exotic Medicinal Plants-current Status and Future Priorities
Authors
1 Germplasm Exchange Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, IN
2 Division of Germplasm Conservation, NBPGR, Pusa, New Delhi, IN
3 National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 8, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 10-18Abstract
Augmentation of new genetic resources either through indigenous collections or by importing from other countries is an important activity of any crop improvement programme. Indian history had witnessed the invasion of many world communities like British, French, Portuguese, Dutch, Arabians, Muslims etc with whom a diverse genetic base of many crop plants were also introduced in the country's flora. Many of these species have been adapted well and naturalized in Indian climate and are being used in various facets of life. The pharmaceutical industry is also backed by many such plants. Of the forty major commercial medicinal plants utilized by the Indian pharmaceutical companies, about 27 per cent have originated in other countries. The percentage is still higher in case of commercial aromatic plants viz., 52 per cent of the total aromatic component. The gradual increase in the utilization of exotic plants by the pharma-aroma-companies is because many plants have been introduced into cultivation and are now a part of regular agriculture system. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi under ICAR is instrumental in providing this genetic variability of medicinal plants at both fronts. The import of plant genetic resources into India is governed by Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import Into India) Order, 2003. Access to genetic resources of Indian origin by foreign nationals is governed by Biological Diversity Act, 2002 of Government of India based on the principle of 'Sovereign rights of Nations' as promulgated under the legally binding Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992. The Convention provides for appropriate access to genetic resources and transfer of relevant technologies on mutually agreed terms, subject to prior informed consent.Keywords
Access, BDA, Import, Medicinal Plants, NBPGR- Frequency and Spectrum of Chlorophyll Mutation in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 8, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 70-74Abstract
A comparison of the effect of gamma-rays ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and their combination for induced mutagenesis in two chilli varieties Kashi Anmol (KA-2) and VR-338 (Kashi Gaurav). 1000 chilli seeds each were irradiated with 10,15, 20, and 25 kR doses of gamma-rays treated, with 0.02, 0.03 0.04 and 0.05 M concentration of ethyl methane sulfonate and another 1000 seeds used for combination treatments were treated with all doses of gamma-rays followed by 0.03M EMS. The M1 generation was raised in protected nursery at Horticulture Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi during July 2011. Chlorophyll mutations were used to evaluate the mutagenic effeciency of various mutagens. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants Albino, Chlorina, Viridis Xantha and Dark Xantha were most frequently observed in M2 generation. Gamma rays induced higher proportions of chlorophyll mutants than EMS and their combination. However, frequencies of viable chlorophyll mutants were observed in higher EMS and gamma-rays treatments than with their combination. Treatment with 15 kR gamma-rays was more effective in inducing chlorophyll mutations with highest frequency. Mutagenic effect generally increased with increasing dose of and gamma-rays EMS and their combination.Keywords
Capsicum Annuum, Induced Mutation, Ems, Gamma-rays, Chlorophyll- Influence of High Temperature on ?-amylase and Antixoxident Enzymes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties
Authors
1 Centre of Advance Faculty Training in Plant Physiology, N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, IN
2 Department of Crop Physiology, N.d. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 8, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 107-109Abstract
The study was conducted for two winter seasons during 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Student Instructional Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad using 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (Halna, Raj 3765, NW 1014, PBW 343, HD 2643, HP 1744, NW 2036, DBW 14, NW 1076, Sonalika, HD 2285, HD 2307, K 8962, UP 2425, and HP 1633) and three sowing dates 10th December (NS), 25th December (LS1) and 10th January (LS2) to assess the relative efficiency of different selection parameters. There was significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase and calatase in the late and very late planting at all stages, however, α-amylase content activity decreased under late and very late planting compared to normal planting.Keywords
SOD, Peroxidase, Calatase And α-amylase, Wheat- Various Factors Responsible for Sub Clinical and Clinical Mastitis and Pharmacotherapeutic Role of Tri-sodium Citrate
Authors
1 Department of Animal Husbandary and Dairying, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P., IN
2 Department of Zoology, M.S.D.T.N. Mahavidyalaya, Araul, Kanpur U.P., IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 8, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 37-39Abstract
In the present investigation, 300 cows milk samples were collected and these samples were screened out on the basis of California mastitis test (CMT) for estimation of clinical and subclinical mastitis in cow. Total 64.66% prevalence rate was found, out of which 53% and 11.66% were found sub clinical and clinical mastitis, respectively. Most of the samples were positive to bacteriological examination and various type of bacteria were isolated, the most prevalent being Streptococcus aureus, followed by S. agalactiae, E. coli, Micrococcus sp., Enterobater aerogen, Bacillus sp. and Corynebacterium. Administration of ,trisodium citrate creates unfavourable pH medium in the quarter/udder retarding the infection. It was also observed that trisodium citrate administration increased the fat, S.N.F, milk yield, over the respective values of in mastitic milk.Keywords
Clinical, Sub-clinical Mastitis, Trisodium Citrate, Bacteria, Cow- Comparative Study on Homoeopathic Treatment of Strongyloides Nematodes of Goats in Kanpur
Authors
1 Department of Animal Husbandary and Dairying, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P., IN
2 Department of Zoology, M.S.D.T.N. Mahavidyalaya, Araul, Kanpur U.P., IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 8, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 52-54Abstract
The prevalence of strongyloidiosis due to Strongyloides papillosus in goats in Kanpur region of Uttar Pradesh was studied and trial using arsenic 200 and cina 200 was conducted in goats tamed by the individual farmers during mansoon of the year 2012. Out of 80 examined goats aged above one year, 14 (17.5%) goats were found to be positive for Strongyliodes nematodes and multiple infection of trematode and cestode was also observed based on the faecal examination. For observing the efficacy of drugs, goats were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C of 3 goat each. Arsenic 200 @ 20 pills and cina 200 @ 20 pills twice a day were given orally to each of the goats group A and B while the goats of group C were kept as untreated control. Efficacy was observed by calculating on zero to 14 days post treatment by faecal egg count reduction test. The result of homoeopathic treatment by using the drugs arsenic and cina indicated 96.55 per cent and 98.62 per cent efficacy, respectively. It was found that Strongyloides papillosus appeared to be extremely resistant to drugs of arsenic and cina. It can be suggested that arsenic and cina were proved to be a better effective control on Strongyloides papillosus in goats without producing any side effect.Keywords
strongyloides Papillosus, Arsenic, Cina, Goat- Various Factors Responsible for Sub Clinical and Clinical Mastitis and Pharmacotherapeutic Role of Tri-sodium Citrate
Authors
1 Department of Animal Husbandary and Dairying, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P., IN
Source
Research Journal of Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science, Vol 4, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 51-53Abstract
In the present investigation, 300 cows milk samples were collected and these samples were screened out on the basis of California mastitis test (CMT) for estimation of clinical and subclinical mastitis in cow. Total 64.66 per cent prevalence rate was found, out of which 53 per cent and 11.66 per cent were found sub clinical and clinical mastitis, respectively. Most of the samples were positive to bacteriological examination and various type of bacteria were isolated, the most prevalent being Streptococcus aureus, followed by S. agalactiae, E. coli, Micrococcus sp., Enterobater aerogen, Bacillus sp. and Corynebacterium. Administration of trisodium citrate creates unfavourable pH medium in the quarter/udder retarding the infection. It was also observed that trisodium citrate administration increased the fat, S.N.F, milk yield, over the respective values of in mastitic milk.Keywords
Clinical, Sub-clinical Mastitis, Trisodium Citrate, Bacteria, Cow- Gamification: A Strategic Tool for Organizational Effectiveness
Authors
1 Indira Institute of Management, Pune, IN
Source
ANVESHAK-International Journal of Management, Vol 1, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 108-113Abstract
Fun at work is making way for full-fledged “Gamification”. Gamification is not about games people play at work place, but about using game mechanics, for achieving organization effectiveness.Cityville a game published by Zygna available on Facebookis having 32 million players, Farmville was having some 21 million players, as on writing this paper. Gamification attempts similar engagements be developed for organization’s stakeholders.
Gamification not only benefits employees & internal processes it can also be deployed for other functions such as marketing, research& innovation, vendor engagement, supply chainsolutions.
Keywords
Gamification, Effectiveness, Engagement, Strategic- Effect of Different Types of Milk on Shelf Life and Microbial Quality of Rabri
Authors
1 Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, U.P- 208002, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7, No 8 (2014), Pagination: 1039-1042Abstract
Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various four storage periods (0 day, 5 days, 10 days and 15 days) and four different types of milk (cow milk, buffalo milk, combined milk and skim milk) used for the preparation of Rabri. These samples were stored at 5˚C, and evaluated the three species of microorganisms (standard plate count X 105 Cfu/g, coliform count X 102 Cfu/g and yeast&mould count X 102 Cfu/g) which were noticed during storage. This evaluation process replicated thrice. The various storage periods and four different types of milk used for the preparation of Rabri, affected significantly at 0.1 % level of significance but the microbial populations were not affected significantly at 5% level of significance. The interaction between storage periods and milk, storage periods and microbes and milk and microbes significantly affected at the level of 0.1%. The overall interaction among storage period, milk and microbes found to be non-significant effect at 5% level of significance. The intensity of contamination was depending on types of milk and days of storage periods. The presence of total solids plays role in growth of microbes such as least number of cfu/g present in sample prepared by buffalo milk, whereas highest noticed in skim milk. The role of storage periods, as Rabri samples got old the intensity of contamination and growth of microbes increased. Least number of cfu /g noticed at 0 day and highest at 15 days of storage. The significant increase in SPC was observed after 10 to 15 days, but non-significant growth of coliform count and yeast mould count was noticed between 0 to 10 days of storage but growth was observed after 10 days of storage. It was recommended that the best quality of Rabri can be obtained by using buffalo milk at current day of preparation, the least microbial load was found at 0 to 10 days of storage but it would be remain consumable up to 15 days when it stored at 5˚C.Keywords
Microorganism And Quality, Milk, Rabri, Storage Periods- Pillow Lavas from Delhi Supergroup near Bambholai, Pali District, Rajasthan
Authors
1 Geological Survey of India, Road 5A, Rajinder Nagar, Patna 800 016, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 24, No 4 (1983), Pagination: 208-211Abstract
Three flows have been delineated on the basis of quartzite and phyllite interbeds. The lowermost flow shows few isolated pillows enclosed in subaqueous breccia while the upper flows are mostly pillow breccia showing isolated and close-packed pillows. Well developed pillows are elliptical to circular in shape and show radial joints and chilled glassy crust of variable thickness. Vesicles, amygdules and geodes of variable shapes and sizes are quite common. The hyaloclastite, filling the interspaces between pillows, is composed of light brown to dark glassy fragments and grades to breccia with increase in size of the fragments.- Palaeocurrent and Clastic Dispersal Pattern of the Proterozoic Alwar Group around Jaipur, Northeastern Rajasthan
Authors
1 23, Professors' Colony, Chitragupta Nagar, Patna 800016, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 25, No 9 (1984), Pagination: 585-597Abstract
The Proterozoic Alwar Group of tje Jaipur area, northeastern Rajasthan, includes two formations: the Rajgarh Formation, predominantly comprising conglomerate-feldspathic quartzite-arkosic grit association with subordinate phyllite and schist; and Kankwarhi Formation, representing an interbedded sequence of thinly bedded quartzite, phyllite and schist. These sediments were accumulated in tidal flat and fluvial environments in a fault-controlled basin.
Palaeocurrent study reveals that sediments were transported by external agency (river) from southeast, south, and southwest, and were dispersed within the depository by offshore and onshore currents and also by across-slope currents. The dispersal pattern so obtained is in close agreement with a coastal environment and hence it is suggested that cross-stratification can be utilized for palaeocurrent studies and palaeogeographie reconstruction even in a tectonically deformed terrain.
- Geochemistry of Jahaj-Govindpura Volcanics, Bayana Sub-Basin, Northeastern Rajasthan
Authors
1 23, Commerce College, Chitragupta Nagar, Patna 800016, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 26, No 3 (1985), Pagination: 208-215Abstract
The Jahaj-Govindpura Volcanics - the youngest formation of the Rajalo Group in the Bayana sub-basin, comprises lava flows, agglomerates, volcanic breccias, tuffs, and quartzite interbeds. Volcanics have been fed by feeder dykes which clearly cut the underlying rocks. Plots of geochemical data from this volcanic suite reveal that compositionally they are transitional between aikali basalt and tholeiite. They resemble high-K2O continental tholeiites.- The Occurrence of Trace Fossils in the Delhi Supergroup of Northeastern Rajasthan
Authors
1 23, Commerce College, Professors' Colony, Chitragupta Nagar, Patna 800020, IN
2 B-16 (A), Chomu House, Jaipur 302001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 26, No 6 (1985), Pagination: 422-425Abstract
Trace fossils of trail markings and burrows are reported from the Alwar and Ajabgarh metasediments of the Proterozoic Delhi Supergroup from several localities of northeastern Rajasthan.- Influence of Basement Tectonics on the Delhi Sedimentation in the Bayana Graben, Northeastern Rajasthan
Authors
1 23, Commerce College Professors' Colony, Chitragupta Nagar, Patna 800020, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 32, No 6 (1988), Pagination: 468-476Abstract
The Bayana graben contains over 3000m thick volcano-sedimentary sequence classified into the Raialo, the Alwar, and the Ajabgarh Groups of the Delhi Supergroup. The sedimentary pile consists of several sedimentary facies of fluvial to marginal marine environments. The volcanics show alkaline to high-K-tholeiitic affinity indicating continental magmatic environment.The basin is characterised by a set of synsedimentary dislocations which have controlled basin evolution, magmatism, and sedimentation. Based on the distribution patterns of various stratigraphic units and their sedimentological framework, a five-stage evolutionary sequence of the basin and associated sedimentation patterns have been discussed.
- Geochemistry of Acid Volcanics of the Dalma Group, Singhbhum, Eastern India
Authors
1 Petrology Division, Operations Bihar, Geological Survey of India, Lohia Nagar, Kankarbagh, Patna - 800 020, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 49, No 4 (1997), Pagination: 437-441Abstract
The earlier mapped chert to the north of the Dalma range is indeed a fine tuff characterised by the presence of spherulites, vesicles, amygdales, pele's tears. These rocks are silicified, peraluminous acid volcanic rocks.- An Experimental Evaluation of Anti-Tumor Potential of 'Geriforte' in Albino Mice
Authors
1 Upgraded Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King George's Medical College, Lucknow, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 33, No 2 (1980), Pagination: 86-98Abstract
No Abstract.- Chemical Quality of Misti Dahi Prepared from Blending of Soy Milk with Buffalo Milk
Authors
1 Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur – 208002, IN
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Panjab Agriculture University Ludhiana, Panjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 14 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
A study was carried out during the year of 2012 and 2014 at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, C.S. Azad university of Agriculture and technology, Kanpur -208002. The chemical evaluation of Misti Dahi prepared from various composition of different milk was the objective of present study. The treatments i.e., 100% buffalo milk (A1), 50% buffalo milk + 25% soy milk (A2), 50% buffalo milk + 50% soy milk (A3) and 25% buffalo milk + 25% soy milk (A4) were tested. In each batch, four levels of sugar was added i.e., B1 (10%), B2 (12%), B3 (14%) and B4 (16%). After adding of sugar, the each batch was inoculated with starter culture Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis with 2% inoculum (C1), Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris with 2% inoculums (C2) and Bifidobacterium bafidum 2% inoculums (C3). These were further divided in two batches and each batch was allowed to incubate at 300C (D1) and 370C (D2) temperature. After that the storage studied were carried out on fresh product (E1- 0 days storage), after 7 days storage (E2) and after 14 days storage (E3). Pure buffalo milk was found most suitable, while 75% buffalo milk + 25% soy milk also at par in respect of chemical qualities of Misti Dahi. The overall maximum fat, lactose, ash and total solids content were noted in samples prepared from 100% buffalo milk with 10% sugar by the use of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactus culture at 370C incubation temperature at freshly prepared (0 day storage period).Keywords
Bifidobacterium bifidum, Chemical Qualities, Lactococcus lactis, Misti Dahi- On the Species of Buellia and Diplotomma from Manipur, India
Authors
1 Botanical Survey of India, Shillong, IN
2 Department of Botany, Jai Narain Degree College, Lucknow, IN
Source
Nelumbo - The Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India, Vol 26, No 1-2 (1984), Pagination: 62-64Abstract
The paper reports the occurrence of 15 species of Buellia and 5 species of Diplotomma from Manipur, India. Out of these, 2 species viz.-Buellia conspirans and Diplotomma chlorophaea are new records for India and therefore, are described in detail. Diplotomma chlorophaea is made a new combination. A key to the all species is also provided to facilitate their identification in the area.- Effect of Phosphorus Levels and Bio-Organic Sources on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, VARANASI (U.P.), IN
2 Tribhuwan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Lamjung Campus, LAMJUNG, NP
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 11, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 286-289Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2013 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to evaluate the effect of phosphorus levels and bio-organic sources on growth and yield of wetland rice cv. HUR-105. Factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design involving four levels of phosphorus viz., control, 50 per cent RDP, 75 per cent RDP and 100 per cent RDP and three bio-organic sources i.e. PSB, PSB + BGA and PSB + BGA + FYM (5 t ha-1) replicated thrice. Increase in the levels of phosphorus application upto 100 per cent RDP (60 kg P2O5 ha-1) improved growth attributes, yield attributes, grain and straw yields. Combined use of PSB + BGA + FYM (5 t ha-1) proved superior to PSB alone and PSB + BGA. Economic analysis indicated that integration of moderate phosphorus level (75% RDP i.e. 45 kg ha-1) along with the use of PSB + BGA + FYM (5 t ha-1) gave highest net return and B:C ratio.Keywords
Phosphorus Levels, Bio-Organics, FYM, BGA, PSB, Rice.- Combined Effect of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Murraya koenigii and Phyllanthus niruri Leaves on Paracetamol and Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in HepG2 Cell Line
Authors
1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G.b. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar 263 145,, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 109, No 7 (2015), Pagination: 1320-1326Abstract
The present study is an attempt to determine the combined hepatoprotective potential of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii and Phyllanthus niruri against paracetamol (PCM) and ethanolinduced toxicity in human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. Toxicity in cells was induced by treatment with 15 mM PCM and 50 mM ethanol for 24 h as manifested by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in cell viability, increase in the leakage of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate in culture medium, increase in lipid peroxidation and reduction in reduced glutathione in cell lysate. These alterations were significantly ameliorated when cells were treated with a combination of hydroethanolic leaf extracts of M. koenigii and P. niruri, and silymarin during both prophylactic and curative studies. Both post-treatment (curative) and pre-treatment (prophylactic) with the combination of plant extracts were able show effective hepatoprotection. This was also evident during morphological studies. The combination of plant extracts thus holds immense potential for future use as a hepatoprotectant.Keywords
Ethanol, Hepatoprotection, HepG2 Cell Line, Murraya Koenigii, Paracetamol, Phyllanthus Niruri.- Dissipation and Decontamination of Imidacloprid and Lambda - Cyhalothrin Residues in Brinjal
Authors
1 Department of Entomology, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 8, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 379-383Abstract
Residues ofimidacloprid at 20 g a.i. ha-1 and lambda - cyhalothrin at 15 g a.i. ha-1 were estimated quantitatively by HPLC/GLC in/on brinjal fruits. Initial deposits of insecticides were higher in imidacloprid than lambda - cyhalothrin. Initial deposits of 0.652 mg kg-1 of imidacloprid dissipated to 93.17 per cent on 10th day. In lambda - cyhalothrin the initial deposits were 0.138 mg kg-1 which dissipated to 92.75 per cent on 10th day. The degradation of imidacloprid was relatively higher as compared to lambda - cyhalothrin. Both imidacloprid and lambda - cyhalothrin had half - life values of 1.92 and 2.65 days, respectively on brinjal fruits. The safe waiting period for imidacloprid was found 4.70 days. In lambda - cyhalothrin, no waiting period is required after its application as the initial deposits were less than its MRL (0.3 mg kg-1).Keywords
Dissipation, Decontamination, Imidacloprid, Lambda - Cyhalothrin, Brinjal.References
- Codex Alimentarius Commission (2012). 35th Session under Pesticide Residue in Food and Feed.
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- Post-Depositional Transformations during Burial and Exhumation in the Neoproterozoic Evaporite Sequences, NW Himalaya, India
Authors
1 Postgraduate Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, Gen Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehra Dun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 68, No 6 (2006), Pagination: 1058-1068Abstract
The Kashmir and Chamba sub-basins of the Proto-Tethys were the sites of wide spread evaporitic deposition along the northern most part of the Indian passive continental margin during the Neoproterozoic. The evaporite lithologies of the Kashmir sub-Basin in the form of layered gypsum and nodular gypsum show deformational features and largely, secondary textures. Evidence of anhydritization and compaction/deformation is present in the form of anhydrite porphyrotopes, alignment of the crystals in a plane (recrystallization) and flowage layers (the result of plastic deformation). The original sulphate precipitates have passed through stages of burial diagenesis, metamorphism and exhumation, with formation of alabastrine and porphyrotopic sulphate. The exhumation of the sulphate sequence resulted in the development of overgrowths, dissolution along the relict anhydrite crystal boundaries, and the formation of lenticular gypsum crystals.
The Chamba sub-Basin contains a more complete example of evaporite sedimentation including carbonates, sulphate and chloride sedimentation. The sulphate sequences here show alabastrine, porphyrotopic and ameboid textures suggesting dehydration and rehydration reactions simlar to Kashmir sub-Basin. The fibrous satin-Spar gypsum occurring in the fractures of the carbonates most likely formed by the gypsum-Saturated brine released from dissolution and reprecipitation of near surface sulphate evaporites.
The rock salt in the Chamba sub-Basin is comprised of banded halite together with variable amount of clay and other impurities. The halite consists of interlocking crystals with zoning and irregular internal outline due to burial and subsequent recrystallization. The ragged outer edges and coigns of the zoned crystals, and brecciated texture are suggestive of groundwater dissolution during exhumation.
The microthermometric experiments on single-Phase fluid inclusions occuring in the crystals demonstrate that fluid inclusions were formed around 45°C, the temperature at which anhydrite rehydrated to gypsum and halite reprecipitated during exhumation.
Keywords
Evaporites, Diagenesis, Neoproterozoic, NW Lesser Himalaya, India.- Body Morphology and Occupation: an Anthropometric Determination of Tailors
Authors
1 Dept.of Anatomy, Desh Bhagat Dental College & Hospital, Sri Muktsar Sahib (Pb.)-152026, Punjab,, IN
2 Dept.of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala (Pb.), IN
3 Dept.of Anatomy, Desh Bhagat Dental College & Hospital, Sri Muktsar Sahib (Pb.), IN
Source
SMU Medical Journal, Vol 2, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 134-146Abstract
While living in the era of industrialization, assessment of variations on body morphology due to continuous exposure of the occupation is the prime need for health professionals. Anthropometric data of various traditional occupational groups is still lacking.Present cross-sectional research is focused on Traditional occupational group of Punjab viz. Tailors. A total of 200 adult men ranging in age from 30-40 years were examined for various anthropometric and physiological measurements. Proportionality profiles, Body Composition analysis has been calculated using various standard equations. Prevalence of hypertension and risk of developing CVDs and CHDs has been also assessed using WHO classification criterion.
Results of the present indicates that Tailors showed balanced endomorphic type of body physique (4.51 - 3.12 - 2.85) and foreground the more relative development of adipose tissue on the upper region of the body. About 14.6% of the Tailors run the risk of developing CVDs and CHDs as per diagnosed from the values of their WHR. Only 1% of them fall under the category of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH).
Occupation has great impact on the body morphology of the person involved in it. Sedentary physical activity resulted into the deposition of more adipose tissue on the upper region of the body and run the risk of developing CVDs and CHDs.
Keywords
Anthropometry, Occupation, Tailors, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio, Somatotyping.References
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- An Experimental Study of Drug Interactions of Diclofenac with Commonly Used Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits
Authors
1 Maharishi Markendeshwer Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Mullana, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 2, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 195-200Abstract
Insulin, Glibenclamide and Tolbutamide are some of the frequently used drugs for the most common metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus. Along with hypoglycaemic drugs diabetic patient is exposed to variety of drugs. NSAIDs are one of the commonly used drugs in this metabolic syndrome. When a patient on hypoglycaemic drugs receives NSAIDs there are chances of drug interactions. This study was undertaken in the department of Pharmacology, GSVM medical college, Kanpur (UP) after approval by the institutional animal ethics committee to find out the interaction if any between Diclofenac and three hypoglycaemic drugs i.e. insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide.Young healthy rabbits were divided into six groups: five rabbits in each group. First group received Insulin 1 u/kg subcutaneously; second Glibenclamide 0.05 mg/kg orally; third Tolbutamide 40 mg/kg orally; fourth Diclofenac 1mg/kg orally and insulin 1mg/kg s.c. simultaneously; fifth glibenclamide 0.05mg/kg orally at 0 hour and diclofenac 1mg/kg orally at 2 hours and sixth tolbutamide 40mg/kg orally at 0 hour and diclofenac 1mg/kg orally at 2 hours. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours for blood sugar estimation. Mean blood sugar levels reduced significantly from their fasting levels when insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide were administered. However blood sugar levels did not showed any significant changes when diclofenac was administered along with insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide in comparison to when insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide were given alone. The results showed that diclofenac does not interact with insulin, glibenclamide and tolbutamide on blood sugar levels in rabbits.No Abstract.
Keywords
Diclofenac, Diabetes Mellitus, Glibenclamide, Insulin, Tolbutamide.- Tobacco Type Mediated Effects on the Development of Pink Aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman and its Predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors
1 Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry - 533105, Andhra Pradesh, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 155-161Abstract
The present study revealed that fecundity of tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae Blackman was highest on Lanka type (37.8 ± 7.5) and lowest on Nicotiana rustica (7.0±2.5). Chrysoperla carnea consumed 71.20 aphids/larva on Flue cured Virginia tobacco and 58 aphids on Burley type. Highest per cent pupation was observed on Beedi type (88%). Fecundity of Chrysoperla was the highest when it fed on aphids on cigar wrapper tobacco (291 eggs/female), followed by Lanka (287 eggs/female). The fecundity was lowest (114 eggs) when aphids on aromatic tobacco were consumed. Fecundity when fed on Corcyra eggs was least (220 eggs). FCV tobacco was most favored for oviposition by Chrysoperla (25 eggs/plant) and beedi and aromatic types were least preferred. On all tobacco types, when the larvae of the predator were released 63 to 92% reduction in aphid population was achieved. The nutritional profile of the aphids on the most favored tobacco type, Lanka, revealed that sugars and proteins/100g dry weight of aphids were 3.6 and 7.20 compared to 2.88 and 6,20, respectively, on aphids on aromatic types, which were less suitable as food. Prospects of utilizing host plant genetic diversity in tritrophic interactions for effective management of sucking pests are discussed.Keywords
Chrysoperla carnea, Myzus nicotianae, Tobacco Type.- Evaluation of Bioagents against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae), under Net Covered Condition in Field
Authors
1 National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard, Sewar, Bharatpur, 321 303, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 321-326Abstract
Three bio-agents viz., Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) were evaluated against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) under net covered condition in the field at National Research Centre on Rapeseed-Mustard, Sewar, Bharatpur (Rajasthan), during 2005-06 and 2006-07. C. septempunctata @ 5,000 beetles/ha was found to be most effective by reducing 88.17 percent aphid population after 10 days of release, followed by V. lecanii @ 108 spores/ml (75.79 percent) and C. septempuactata @ 3,000 beetles/ha (65.46 percent), Maximum yield was recorded with the release of C. septempunctata @ 5,000 beetles/ha followed by V. lecanii @ 108 spores/ml and C. septempunctata @ 3,000 beetles/ha.Keywords
Cocciuella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea, Verticillium lecanii, Lipaphis erysimi, Mustard Aphid, Brassica Juncea, Mustard.- Management of Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & White) Chitwood in Chrysanthemum Using Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson in Combination with Neem Cake
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm P.O., Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 2 (2003), Pagination: 125-131Abstract
Talc and pesta granule formulations of P. lilacinus spores, obtained from solid and liquid media, at 12, 10, 8 and 6 per cent moisture levels were evaluated for their spore viability and tbeir field efficacy, singly and in combination with neem cake against ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in the farmer's field. The preparation of P. lilacinus used in the field consisted mainly of spores. The fungus was cultured under two sets of defined conditions to produce aerial spores, i. e., cultured on sorghum grains, and submerged spores, grown in a liquid medium. Aerial spores were more robust (96, 87, 80 and 60% viability at 6, 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels, respectively, in talc formulation from sorghum grains), compared to submerged spores (83, 72,64 and 54% viability at 6, 8, 10 and 12% moisture levels, respectively, in talc formulation from liquid broth), over a period of 60 days after formulation. Talc and pesta granules of P. lilacinus, applied at 2 doses, 10 and 15 kg/ha to the ischolar_main-knot nematode infested chrysanthemum field correspondingly reduced ischolar_main gall index to 1.4-2.7, nematode multiplication rate to 1.4-2.12, and enhanced floral yield by 12 per cent depending on the dose of formulation. Further, combined use of these formulations with neem cake enhanced fungal propagules in rhizosphere to 700-1070, fungal infectivity to 32- 52 per cent and chrysanthemum flower yield (by 23-28 %) depending on the dose of formulation.Keywords
Chrysanthemum, Field Evaluation, Formulations, Meloidogyne incognita, Moisture Levels, Paecilomyces lilacinus.- Predatory Efficiency of Mallada astur (Banks), a Chrysopid Predator of Coconut Leafeating Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker
Authors
1 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR) Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 23-27Abstract
The chrysopid, Mallada astur (Banks), recorded for the first time as promising egg and early larval predator of O. arenosella in interior Karnataka was evaluated for its predatory efficiency. This predator is predominant on coconut and palmyrah palms of 30m height. Its short life cycle (24.5 days) on a combined diet of eggs and larvae of O. arenosella, high fecundity per female (mean=102.3 eggs), and its ability to thrive in the larval galleries of O. arenosella, strongly support its utilization as a biocontrol agent during peak period of infestation (September-February) in interior Karnataka. Net house studies revealed that release of one M. astur larva (4 day old) per severely infested leaflet with about 35·50 neonate larvae will effectively reduced the population of the pest within a week.Keywords
Biocontrol, Biology, Mallada astur, Opisina arenosella.- Biology and Rearing Requirements of an Anthocorid Predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 29-33Abstract
Biology and feeding potential of an anthocorid predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Pop pius were studied on the eggs of alternate host, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Approximately 100 UV irradiated C. cephalonica eggs are required for rearing one nymph throughout its nymphal period of about 16 days (4-11 eggs per day) and 630 eggs for an adult throughout its longevity (3-19 eggs per day). Adult females had a greater feeding potential (943 eggs per adult) in comparison to males (381 eggs per adult). Utilising 9cc of C. cephalonica eggs, 1000 B. pallescens could be produced. The lab-reared adults had a very high longevity (38- 78 days) and fecundity (110-203 nymphs/female), indicating the suitability of C. cephalonica eggs for mass production.Keywords
Biology, Blaptostethus pallescens, Corcyra cephalonica, Feeding Potential, Rearing.- Field Life Tables of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 47-55Abstract
Field life tables of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were constructed for 6 generations from summer 1994 to rabi (winter) 1995 in Bangalore on fodder maize. Positive trend indices were obtained in the 2nd , 3rd and 4th generations, which corresponded to late summer to kharif (monsoon) seasons and negative trend indices in the 1st, 5th and 6th generations corresponding to late kharif (late monsoon) to rabi seasons. Positive trend indices signified greater pest activity during those generations. Maximum contribution to real generation mortality was in egg stage in all the generations as ks of egg period were invariably closer to generation K in each season. Key mortality factor analysis revealed direct density dependence in egg stage with egg parasitoids having highly significant regression coefficient. Mortality due to unknown causes in younger larvae exhibited inverse density dependence. During larval stage, hatching failure, and in pupal stage all mortality factors exhibited delayed density dependence. The result provided rational ecological basis for developing biocontrol - based programme for suppression of C. partellus on fodder maize.Keywords
Abiotic Factors, Biotic Factors, Chilo partellus, Field Life Tables, Population Dynamics.- Investigations on Sporothrix fungorum De Hoog&de Vries, a Newly Recorded Pathogen of Aceria guerreronis Keifer, the Coconut Eriophyid Mite
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 13-20Abstract
The hyphomycetous fungus, Sporothrix fungorum de Hoog&de Vries was discovered affecting the coconut eriophyid mite, Aceria gllerreronis Keifer in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India during 1999-2000 in up to 15 per cent of coconut samples. At 2xlOs, 2xl0· and 2xl07 conidia per ml the fungus could bring' about 47.03, 92.75 and 98.29 per cent mortalities, respectively, 96h after inoculation. It was able to grow and conidiate profusely on potato dextrose agar (PDA) as well as Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The diameter of the colony increased significantly between 10 and 21 days of inoculation in both the media, reaching up to 35.83 and 36.00 mm on PDA and SDA, respectively. Among three different liquid media, viz., potato dextrose broth (PDB), Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) and an enrichment medium (EM), EM was the best in terms of wet and dry weights (per 100 ml) as well as conidia production in both stationary (6450.3 mg, 1602.3 mg and 71.7 x 106 / ml) and shake cultures (13416.7 mg, 3402.7 mg and 83.0 x 107 / mI). The present report gives new details about S. fungorum as well as its association with the coconut mite.Keywords
Aceria gllerrerollis, Biological Control, Coconut, Eriophyid Mite, Sporothrix fungorum.- Efficiency of Stage Specific Parasitoids in the Biological Suppression of Coconut Leaf Eating Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker
Authors
1 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR), Kasaragod, 671 124, Kerala, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 51-56Abstract
A systematic surveillance of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker and its important parasitoids was carried out on young and old coconut palms in interior and coastal areas of Karnataka during 1996-1997. Among the parasitoids recorded, Apanteles taragamae Viereck was active during summer and rainy seasons in coastal and interior areas, respectively. Meteoridea hutsoni Nixon and Brachymeria spp. predominated during winter and summer seasons, respectively. and showed their perfect synchronization with high population of O. arenosella. Studies on the effect of abiotic factors on the activity of these parasitoids showed variation between the species, regions and palm ages.Keywords
Coconut, Biocontrol, Natural Enemies, Opisina arellosella, Parasitoids.- A Rapid in vivo Bioassay Method for Testing and Selection of Fungal Antagonists of Plant Pathogens
Authors
1 Crop Research Station, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Bahraich 271 801, U. P., IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur 482 004, M. P., IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 173-176Abstract
Eight Trichoderma isolates were tested for their bioefficacy against seed, ischolar_main and seedling rot incited by Rhizoctonia solani by adopting an in vivo test method (blotter test). Vigor index ranging from 169.5 to 2239.4 and disease incidence ranging between 10 to 86 percent were recorded in various treatments. All bioagents were graded based on disease grading key proposed for their rating. The clear differentiation of efficacy of various Trichoderma species against R. solani obtained with the in vivo bioefficacy test method adopted (blotter test) in the present study shows suitability of this method for routine screening of fungal biocontrol agents against seed and soil borne plant pathogens.Keywords
Fungal Antagonists, in vivo Bioassay, Plant Pathogens.- Life Table Studies on the Natural Enemies of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors
1 Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 113-117Abstract
Life table studies were carried out on egg, larval and pupal parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in the laboratory. Egg parasitoid Triehogramma chilonis Ishii (maize strain) had the highest finite rate of increase of 1.41 per female per day and doubling time was less than 2 days, the shortest amongst trichogrammatids studied. The larval parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes Cameron lived for 7.79 days and the first two days after pre-oviposition period accounted for 88.7 per cent of its total fecundity. The finite rate of increase was 1.147 per female per day, whereas finite rate of increase of the pupal parasitoid, Xanthopimpta stemmator (Thunberg) and Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) were 1.178 and 1.274 per female per day, respectively.Keywords
Chilo partellus, Life Table, Natural Enemies.- Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Mealybugs on Freeze-Dried Artificial Diet
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post. Bellary Road Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 139-142Abstract
Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was studied on a freeze-dried artificial diet devoid of insect components. The artificial diet was composed of beef liver (5 g), hen's egg yolk (5g), sucrose (1g), honey (1g), hydrolysed yeast (1g), milk powder (0.5g), brewer's yeast (0.5g), groundnut oil (0.3g), multivitamin (0.04g). vitamin E (0.04g), nipbagine (0.004g) and water (16 ml). Biological attributes of the artificial diet reared C. montrouzieri were compared with the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) reared. Mean adult emergence of the predators reared on artificial diet and mealybug reared were 58.0 and 90.0 per cent, respectively. Differences in developmental period, adult weight and female emergence between artificial diet and mealybug reared predators were non-significant. Pre-ovipositional period of the predators reared on artificial diet was significantly longer than the mealybug reared. The mean fecundity of artificial diet reared predator was only 8 eggs/female, which was significantly lower than the mealybug reared (204eggs/female). Artificial diet reared predators laid fertile eggs and the mean viability of the eggs was 93.0 per cent, which was not significantly different from the mealybug reared (94.0 %).Keywords
Artificial Diet, Biological Suppression, Cryptolaemus mantrouzieri, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Planococcus citri- Natural Incidence Of Hirsutella Thompsonii Fisher on the Coconut Eriophyid Mite, Aceria Guerreronis Keifer in Certain Districts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR) Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 151-156Abstract
Hirsutella thompsoni Fisher was found to be widespread in the three districts of Karnataka (Bangalore Rural. Mandya and Kolar) and one in Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore) during the surveys conducted. The incidence of the pathogen was the highest in Coimbatore where 17.19 per cent of mite-infested coconut samples yielded the fungus. The presence or the fungal pathogen was the lowest in Bangalore rural district. where only 1.37 per cent of the samples showed the occurrence. The average incidence of H.thompsonil in mite-infested coconuts was 6.85 per cent. In Kamataka. only Mandya district showed significant presence (6.22 %) of the fungus. Overall, 7.03 per cent of the population of mites was infected with H.thompsonii. The nymphal stages (9.34%) were found to be more susceptible than the adults (4.72%). The consistent association ofthe fungus with the mite in the two states surveyed indicates that augmentation of the pathogen in the form of a rnycoacaricide may result in artificial epizootics.Keywords
aceria Guerremnis. Coconut, Eriophyid Mite. hirsutelta Thompsonii natural Incidence- Field Parasitisation of the Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Bangalore
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR) Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 193-195Abstract
Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) larvae were found to be parasitised by Cotesia flavipes Cameron and pupae by Tetrastichus howardi (Oliff) and Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg) in Bangalore during February to May, 2001. The extent of larval parasitisation by C. flavipes varied from 3.3 to 24.5 per cent. Pupal parasitisation due to T. howardi and X. stemmator varied from 2.5 to 9.5 and 0 to 10 per cent, respectively.Keywords
Chilo partellus, Field Parasitisation, Parasitoids, Maize.- Effect of Host Egg Density on Parasitism and Adult Emergence in Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Two Systems
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR) Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 11-14Abstract
Effeet of egg density of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) on parasitism and adult emergence in Trichogramma chilonis Ishii was investigated under two systems of rearing in the lahoratory. In nucleus culture maintenance system, 150 eggs/two females and under mass production system, 500 adults to 1 cc of eggs (about 15,000 eggs) were found most optimum for efficient utilization of eggs and females. The highly significant regression coefficients obtained for relation between egg density and number of egg parasitised, and per cent parasitisation and number of adults indicated the usefulness of prediction model.Keywords
Corcyra cephalonica, Egg Density, Parasitism, Systems, Trichogramma chilonis.- Bioecology of Sticholotis cribellata Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Potential Predator of Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (Homoptera: Diaspididae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 21-26Abstract
Sticholotis cribellata Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is recorded for the first time as a predator of Melanaspis glomerata (Green). Its host range and seasonal incidence are detailed and the immature stages described and illustrated. The egg, larval, and pupal stages lasted for 6.9. 19.5, and 8.6 days, respectively, and adult longevity was 40.41 days. The average fecundity was 48.9 eggs/female. The larvae and adults consumed on an average 653.95 and 1822.49 M. glomerata crawlers, respectively, throughout their life span. S. cribellata appears to be a promising bioagent of M. glomerata in view of its high feeding potential and amenability to large scale mass multiplication.Keywords
Bioecology, Melanaspis glomerata, Predator, Sticholotis cribellata, Sugarcane.- On Certain Special Transformation Involving Basic Hypergeometric Functions
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, T. D. P. G. College, Jaunpur, IN
Source
The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society, Vol 77, No 1-4 (2010), Pagination: 47-55Abstract
In this paper we establish a very general transformation involving basic hypergeometric functions. We deduce a variety of transformations as its special case. We also deduce certain interesting summatiuon for q-series.Keywords
Basic Hypergeometric Functions, Transformation of Basic Hypergeometric Functions and Q-Series.- Synomone mediated behavioural responses of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to cotton infested by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 2 (2000), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
Chrysoperta carnea (Stephens) is considered as an important predator against Helicoverpa armigera (Hii bner) and other sucking pests. The behavioural response of adult of C. carnea to the volatiles of plants infested by H. armigera was studied under laboratory conditions through electroantennogram and olfactometer. The adults showed good electroantennogram response to volatiles from flowers and bolls of cotton infested by H. armigera. Highest response was noticed to tbe infested bolls than flowers and leaves. In zone resident period studies, the adults spent distinctively more time in the zone 6 (nearest to source) when infested bolls were tested. In dual choice methods, significantly more number of adults reached the synomone arm than the control arm, when infested eotton bolls were tested. The response to infested leaves was very poor.Keywords
Chrysoperiu carnea, Electroantennogram, Helicoverpa armigera, Infested Cotton, Synomone, Olfactometer.Full Text
- Occurrence of Fusarium Coccophilum (Desm.) Wollenw.& Reinking on Sugarcane Whitefly, Aleurolobus barodensis (maskell) (homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR) P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 14, No 1 (2000), Pagination: 49-50Abstract
Fusarium coccopllilum (Desm.) Wollenw.&Reinking was recorded as a fungal pathogen of the sugarcane whitefly, Aleuroiobus barodensis (Maskell) from Dhule and Pune areas of Maharashtra. The infection level during rainy season varied from 2.2 to 12.8 per cent. Its pathogenicity both to nymphs and pupae was confirmed. This is the first report of F. coccophiluln on sugarcane whitefly.Keywords
Aleuroiobus barodellsis, Fungal Pathogen. Fusarium Coccopllilum. Sugarcane Whilefly- Behavioural Responses of Key Parasitoids of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) to the Kairomones
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 7-14Abstract
Hexane wash of gallery and body of Opisina arenosella Walker elicited positive response from the parasitoids namely Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), Brachymeria nephantidis Gahan and Elasmus nephantidis Rohwer, in terms of more number of parasitoids entering the kairomone arm than hexane arm in 'Y' tube olfactometer. Although, numerically, the gallery wash elicited higher response than larval body wash of the host O. arenosella to G. nephantidis, statistically, the treatments were on par. Chemical analysis of kairomonal substances using GCMS revealed the presence of 13-tetradecenal and myristic acid in the gallery wash, in addition to dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane and tricosane. Larval wash showed terpenoids like alpha-terpinene and alpha humulene.Keywords
Behavioural Responses, Brachymeria nephantidis, Elasmus nephantidis, Goniozus nephantidis, Kairomones, Opisina arenosella.- Natural Enemy Complex of Coconut Leaf Eating Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera:Xylorictidae) in Karnataka
Authors
1 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P. B. No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 13, No 1&2 (1999), Pagination: 51-58Abstract
Surveys in coastal and interior Karnataka during 1996 and 1997 revealed the occurrence of four larval, one larval-pupal and thirteen pupal parasitoids and eleven predators of Opisina arenosella Walker. Eight hyperparasitoids were also recorded.Keywords
Hyperparasitoids, Opisina arenosella, Parasitoid, Predator.- L-Tryptophan as an Ovipositional Attractant for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Box No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 21-27Abstract
Laboratory and field cage experiments were conducted to select the best kairomone as an ovipositional attractant for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Acid hydrolysed L-tryptophan (15 days after storage) was found to be highly attractive to the males and females of C. carnea in no choice method, using wind tunnel method and in multiple choice method using the kairomone treated filter paper. Pure commercial honey, 25 per cent and 50 per cent honey solutions were attractive in no choice method but not in the multiple choice method. Highest number of eggs were laid on the filter paper sprayed with 15 days old L-tryptophan in laboratory study. However, in the field cage studies, only 3 day old L-tryptophan recorded highest oviposition on cotton plants treated with the kairomones, probably the breakdown product of L-tryptophan is not effective in long range if stored beyond 7 and 15 days. Possibility of using L-tryptophan in the field is discussed.
Keywords
Chrysoperla carnea, Honey, L-Tryptophan, Ovipositional Attractant.- Parasitising Ability of Some Trichogrammatid Species and Strains on Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, H.A.Farm post, P.B. No. 2491, Bangalore 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 117-119Abstract
Parasitising ability of some species and strains of trichogrammatids on Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was studied in the laboratory. Trichogramma chilonis (cassia strain), T. chilonis Bio Sc 1 (sugarcane strain) and T. brasiliense parasitised more S. exigua eggs.
Keywords
Parasitisation, Spodoptera exigua, Strains, Trichogrammatids.Full Text
- Breeding of Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) on Corcyra cephalonica Stainton
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore-560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 128-129Abstract
Campoletis chlorideae Uchida an early larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner) was successfully reared on Corcyra cephalonica Stainton. The comparative biology of C. chlorideae was also studied on C. cephaionica, H. armigera and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).Keywords
Biology, Campoletis chlorideae, Corcyra cephalonica, Rearing.- Acceptance of the Teak Defoliator Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) by Two Exotic Species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Trichur, Kerala, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, HA Farm Post Office, Bangalore 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 43-44Abstract
Natural control of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer by a large number of larval and pupal parasitoids has been reported (Chatterjee and Misra, ]974; Sudheendrakumar, 1985). However, only very very little information IS available on egg parasitoids of the teak defoliator (Beeson, 1941; Nair et al.. 1994).Keywords
Hyblaea puera, Egg Parasitoids, Trichogramma embryophagum, T. Dendrolimi .- Optimum Temperature for Short Term Storage of Eggs of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, H.A. Farm Post, Bangalore 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 45-46Abstract
Chrysopids being efficient predators are used against pests of several important crops (Canard et al., 1984). Techniques for mass rearing of these chrysopids were developed by several workers (Morrison, 1977; Krishnamoorthy and Nagarkatti, 1981; Patel et al., 1987). Elsewhere in the world, detailed studies were conducted on the long term storage of the eggs of chrysopids (Tauber et al., 1993). However, reports on the storage of the eggs of chrysopids are lacking in India. An attempt was made to find out the optimum temperature and age of the eggs of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) for short term storage and the results are communicated in this short paper.Keywords
Chrysoperla carnea, Eggs Optimum Temperature, Storage.- A Semi-Synthetic Larval Diet for Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae)
Authors
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, IN
2 Biological Control, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 54-55Abstract
The value of chrysopids as a biological control agent in IPM programme has been appreciated in recent times. Efforts to mass rear them, investigations on dietary requirements and artificial diets with varying degrees of success have been reported (Hassen and Hagen, 1978; Gautam and Paul, 1987; Vanderzant, 1973).Keywords
Chrysoperla carnea, Semisynthetic Diet.- Superior Strain Selection of the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii - Biological Parameters
Authors
1 Biological Control Centre, H.A.Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
2 Biological Control Centre, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 57-60Abstract
To select superior strains of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, collections were made from cotton ecosystems of six different agroclimatic zones of the country viz., Anand (Gujarat), Ludhiana (Punjab), Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), Bangalore (Karnataka), Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh) and Nagpur (Maharashtra). These ecotypes are referred as BioC1, BioC2, BioC3, BioC4, BioC5, and BioC6 respectively. Mean fecundity during F1, F20, and F40 generations in the laboratory was significantly more in BioC1, BioC2, and BioC6 than in others. Longevity of males was 4.0, 4.0 and 4.2 days and that of females was 7.0, 7.4 and 7.3 days respectively in BioC1, BioC2 and BioC6 strains, which was higher than in the other three ecotypes. Net reproductive rate (Ro) and rate of increase per female per generation (λ) was higher in BioC1 and BioC2. There was no difference in emergence pattern and sex-ratio amongst six ecotypes. Results thus, indicated that BioC1 and BioC2 are superior to other ecotypes.
Keywords
Trichogramma chilonis, Superior Strains, Selection.- Age-Specific Fecundity and Life Table Studies of Trichogramma embryophagum (Htg.) and Trichoderma dendrolimi Matsumara
Authors
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, H.A. Farm. Post, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 1-3Abstract
Life table data of Trichogramma embryophagum (Htg.) and Trichogramma dendrolimi Mafatsumara were collected on eggs of Corcyra cephalonlca Stainton. The net reproductive rate (Ro) of T. embryophagum was 60.23 and that of T. dendrolimi 33.98, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.292 and 0.305 and net generation time (T) was 14.03 and 13.25 days, respectively. For mass production, adult females of T. emhryophagumshould be utilised for 5 days and T. dendrolimi for 2 days.Keywords
Age-Specific Fecundity, Trichogramma embryophagum, T. dendrolimi.- Studies on Optimum Temperature for Storage of Sticholotis madagassa Weise Adults
Authors
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Bangalore-560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 96-98Abstract
Studies were carried out on consequences of different temperature on fecundity and longevity of Stlchototis madagassa Weise. Progeny production declined with Increasing storage period. High mortality of predators was observed when stored at 5°C and 10°C. However, 15°C was ideal for storage in comparison to 26+1 °C.Keywords
Sticholotls madagassa, Temperature, Survival, Progeny Production.- Parasitising Efficiency of Chelonus blackburni Cam. and Copidosoma koehleri Blanch. Singly and in Combination against the Potato Tuber Moth
Authors
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 4-6Abstract
Laboratory Investigations were conducted to determine the efficiency of the two exotic parasitoids. Chelonus blackburni Cam. (Hymenoptera : Branconidae) and Copidosoma koehleri Blanch. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) - to parasltlse the potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella ZeII. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). When exposures of individual species of parasitofd were compared with the combination of both the species, C. blackburni reduced PIM survival with a higher percentage of parasitism. Also, in the combination treatments, C. blackburni significantly reduced the survival of C. koehleri while the latter did not affect the survival of the fomer. None of the combination treatments were superior to individual exposure using C. blackburni with respect to host mortality and overall parasitold survival. Longevity of adults of C. blackburni was markedly reduced in the combination treatments. Also, the number of viable cocoons of C. blackburni was maximum in Individual exposure. Similarly, the longevity of the adults and number of mummies fonned by C. koehleri was reduced in the combination treatments when compared to individual exposure.Keywords
Phzhorimaea operculella, Chelonus blackburni, Copidosoma koehleri, Exotic Parasitoids, Parasitising Efficiency.- Biotic Potential of Three Coccinellid Predators on Various Diaspine Hosts
Authors
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Bangalore 560 024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 20-23Abstract
Biotic potential of three Coccinellid predators viz., Chilocorus bijugus (Muls), Chilocorus nigritus (Fab.) and Sticholotis madagassa (Weise) were studied on various diaspine scales. C. bijugus and C. nigritus accepted all the hosts provided whereas, S. madagassa accepted only three hosts. When aqueous extract of sugarcane scale insect was sprayed over non-preferred host, S. madagassa could develop on two additional hosts. Developmental period on different hosts in case of C. bijugus and C. nigritus ranged from 33.5 to 41.4. and 32.3 to 35.1 days respectIvely, whereas S. madagassa developed faster on Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (33.4 days) than on other hosts. S. madagassa was also found to be more fecund on M. glomerata. C. bijugus showed relative preference for Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.), lived longer and produced larger progeny. C. nigritus fed and bred equally well on all the bosts provided, showing its wide acceptability and polyphagous nature. C. nigritus was found to be more promising on biotic parameters followed by C. bijugus and S. madagassa.Keywords
Biotic Potential, Coccinellid Predators, Diaspine Scales.- A New Record of Ooencyrtus papilionis (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) on the Eggs of Papilio demoleus (Linn.) from India
Authors
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre For Integrated Pest Management, Hebbal Agricultural Farm Post, Bangalore-560024, IN
2 Biological Control Centre, National Centre For Integrated Pest Management Hebbal Agricultural Farm Post, Bangalore-560024, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 59-60Abstract
The citrus leaf-eating caterpillar Papilio demoleus (Linn.) is a key pest of citrus in India causing extensive damage especially in nurseries and to tender flushes of foliage of different citrus cultivars in the field. A number of natural enemies were recorded by earlier workers (Pruthi and Mani, 1985; Singh, 1980, 1985; Krishnamoorthy and Singh, 1986; Krishnamoorthy, 1987). During the course of observations in the campus, a large number of eggs laid by P. demoleus on citrus were found to be parasitised. Such eggs were brought to the laboratory and kept individually in glass tubes (7.5 x 2.5 cm) and on emergence, the parasitoids were separated based on visual characters. Subsequently, the parasitoids were indentified by Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London.Keywords
Papilio demoleus, Egg Parasitoids, Ooencyrtus papilionis, Telenomus sp., Trichogramma sp.- Relationship Between the Host Age and the Fitness Components of Hyposoter didymator Thunb. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors
1 Division of Entomology & Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore - 560089, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 69-71Abstract
Hyposoter didymalor Thunb. was found to parasitise 0-6 day old Spodoptera litura (F.) larvae in the laboratory at 24.5 ± 1 °C and 65 per cent RH. Effect of host age on developmental period of immature stages, sex ratio of adults, size of the progeny and degree of succcssful parasitism (survivorship) of the parasitoid were investigated. There was a significant negative correlation between the host age and the parasitoid developmental period, while the size of the progeny was observed to increase with the age of the host. Maximum parasitism was observed in 5-day-old host larvae.Keywords
Hyposoter didymator, Hostage, Developmental Period, Sex Ratio, Size of the Progeny, Degree of Parasitism, Spodoptera litura.- On Certain q-Series Identities
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics, University of Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur-273009, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, T. D. P. G. College, Jaunpur-222002, IN
Source
The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society, Vol 78, No 1-4 (2011), Pagination: 27-34Abstract
In this paper, making use of the most generalized form of Bailey's Lemma due to Andrews, an attempt has been made to establish certain double series identities.Keywords
Double Series Identities, Bailey's Lemma, Multiple Series, Summation Formula.- Relative Efficiency of Rice-Fish-Duck Production under Integrated and Conventional Farming Systems
Authors
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RAIGARH (C.G.), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RAIGARH (C.G.)
3 Thakur Chhedilal Barrister College of Agriculture and Research Station, BILASPUR (C.G.), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BILASPUR (C.G.), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 11, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 49-52Abstract
The mono-cropping system of farming is most prevalent in most parts of the Chhattisgarh. However, the mono-cropping system has certain disadvantages as compared to that of integrated farming systems. Thus, to evaluate the efficacy of this system a study was conducted to determine the relative efficiency of integrated rice-duck-fish farming as compared to conventional rice-rice, duck-duck and fish-fish farming system. For present investigation, a field experiment was conducted at Integrated farming system model developed on 1.0 hectare of irrigated land at the farmer's field of Raigarh district. The data was calculated for its economics based on the rates prevailing during the study period while, labour requirement for various activities in duckery and fish production were recorded and given in man days per hectare. The system productivity, B:C ratio, employment generation was higher for IFS. The labour use efficiency was higher for fish-fish, duck-duck farming systems as compared to Integrated farming system. Thus, we can conclude that Integrated farming system was much better, economical and profitable as compared to that of mono-cropping system of farming.Keywords
Integrated Farming System, System Productivity, B:C Ratio, Employment Generation.References
- Ayyappan, S.,Moza,Usha, Gopalakrishan, A., Meenakumari, B., Jena, J.K.(2013).Handbook of fisheries and aquaculture (ICAR), 2013, p.439.
- Ayyappan, S., Sarang, N., Sinhababu, D.P., Das, P. C. and Jena, J. K. (2004). Rice-fish farming: An economic enterprise for lowland rice farmers. In: Proceedings of the National Symposium on Recent Advances in Rice-based Farming Systems, November 17- 19, Cuttack, India, 190-201pp.
- FAO (2002). Food and Agriculture publication, Year Report 2002. FAO Rome, 1-6 pp.
- Govindan, R. (1988). Role of poultry cum fish culture.M.Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,Coimbatore, T.N. (INDIA).
- Patricia, N. Muendoa, Jetse J. Stoorvogel, Marc C. J. Verdegem, Alejandra Mora-Vallejo and Johan, A.J. Verreth (2011). Ideotyping integrated aquaculture systems to balance soil nutrients. J. Agric.& Rural Develop. Tropics & Subtropics, 112 (2) : 157–168.
- Rangasamy, A., Budhar, M.N., Venkitasamy, R. and Palaniappan, S. P. (1988). Abstract of national seminar on farming systems for semiarid tropics, ICAR and TNAU, Coimbatore, p.16.
- Ravishankar, Pramanik N., Rai, S.C., Nawaz Shakila, Tapan, R.B., Biswas, K.R. and Biwi, Nabisat (2007). Study on integrated farming system in hilly upland areas of Bay Islands. Indian J. Agron., 52 :7-10.
- Singh, J.P., Salaria, A., Singh , K. and Gangwar, B. (2005). Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system through inclusion of Basmathi rice, potato and sunflower in trans-Gangetic plains. J.Farm. Syst. Res. & Develop., 11: 12-18.
- Raising Broilers Separately by Sex in a Vertically Integrated Broiler Firm
Authors
Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 24, No 3 (1982), Pagination: 209-219Abstract
The broiler industry in the United States has grown rapidly during the last four decades. The microscopic broiler industry, producing only 34 million birds in 1934, has evolved into a major complex producing over 2.9 billion in 1974. In 1934, gross farm income from broilers amounted to $19 million, amounting to 0.2 percent of the total farm income. In 1969, this rose to $1,531 million, amounting to 2.8 percent of the total farm income.- Nature of Forest Fires in Uttarakhand:Frequency, Size and Seasonal Patterns in Relation to Pre-Monsoonal Environment
Authors
1 Kumaun University, Nainital 263 001, IN
2 Central Himalayan Environment Association, Nainital 263 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 398-403Abstract
Man-made forest fires in the traditionally populated zone (about 800-2000 m altitude) are common in much of the Central Himalaya, and are a major topic of environmental debate. This study based on an analysis of data of the State Forest Department at Uttarakhand on incidence of forest fires shows that these are high-frequency, low-severity surface fires of small size, largely determined by the moisture conditions of the pre-monsoon season (from March to mid-June), and the traditional practices of biomass collection by local people.Keywords
Biomass Collection, Forest Fire, Pre-Monsoon Season, Moisture Conditions.- A Study of the Effect of Dietary Habits on Total Serum Cholesterol Level in Young Healthy Adults
Authors
1 Department of Biochemistry, B. R. D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, U. P, IN
2 B. R. D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, IN
3 S. N. Medical College, Agra, IN
4 M. L. B. Medical College, Jhansi, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 17, No 6 (1980), Pagination: 216-219Abstract
Serum cholesterol level is an important biochemical investigatory parameter for the diagnosis of many disorders as liver diseases, nephrosis, lipemia, thyroidism, biliary obstruction, pernicious anemia, etc.- Sensory Evaluation of Misti Dahi Prepared from Blending of Soymilk with Buffalo Milk
Authors
1 Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur – 208002, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana- 141004, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 34 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soy milk on sensory attributes of dahi, which was prepared by using soy milk and milk combinations in various ratios, viz. 100% buffalo milk (A1), 50% buffalo milk + 25% soy milk (A2), 50% buffalo milk + 50% soy milk (A3) and 25% buffalo milk + 25% soy milk (A4) were tested. In each batch, four levels of sugar was added i.e., B1 (10%), B2 (12%), B3 (14%) and B4 (16%). After adding of sugar, the each batch was inoculated with starter culture Lactococcuslactis subsp. lactis with 2% inoculum (C1), Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris with 2% inoculums (C2) and Bifidobacteriumbifidum 2% inoculums (C3). These were further divided in two batches and each batch was allowed to incubate at 30°C (D1) and 37°C (D2) temperature. After that the storage studied were carried out on fresh product (E1- 0 days storage), after 7 days storage (E2) and after 14 days storage (E3). These samples are stored at 5°C at refrigeration temperature. In sensory attributes the scores of flavor, body and texture, color and appearance and sweetness were determined. The evaluation process replicated thrice. Statistically factorial CRD are applied for analysis of the data. The best sensory quality of Misti Dahi was obtained from 100% buffalo milk with 12% sugar by the use of 2% inoculums with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactics culture at 37°C incubation temperature and freshly prepared (0 day storage period), while 75% buffalo milk + 25% soy milk also at par in respect of sensory qualities of Misti Dahi.Keywords
Flavour, Misti Dahi, Sensory Quality, Storage Period and Sweetness- Platinum Group Minerals from the Madawara Ultramafic-Mafic Complex, Bundelkhand Massif, Central India: A Preliminary Note
Authors
1 Department of Geology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284001, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR), Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 78, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 281-283Abstract
No Abstract.References
- BALARAM, V. (2008) Recent advances in the determination of PGE in exploration studies - A Review. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.72, pp.661-677.
- BARNES, S.J., HILL, R.E.T., PERRING, C.S. and DOWLING, S.E. (2004) Lithogeo-chemical exploration for komatiite-associated Ni-sulfide deposits: strategies and limitations. Mineral. Petrol., v.82, pp.259-293.
- BASU, A.K. (1986) Geology of parts of the Bundelkhand Granite Massif. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.117 (2), pp.61-124.
- CAWTHORN, R.G. (2005) Stratiform platinumgroup element deposits in layered intrusions. In: J.E.Mungall (Ed.), Exploration for platinum group elemnt deposits. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course 35, Oulu, Finland, pp.57-73.
- ELIOPOULOS, M.E., ELIOPOULOS, D.G. and CHRYSSOULIS, S. (2008) A comparison of high-Au massive sulfide ores hosted in ophiolite complexes of the Balkan Peninsula with modern analogues: Genetic significance. Ore Geol. Rev., v.33, pp.81-100.
- FAROOQUI, S.A. and SINGH, A.K. (2006) Platinum Mineralization in Ikauna Area, Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.68, pp.582-584.
- LESHER, C.M, BURNHAM, O.M, KEAYS, R.R, BARNES, S.J. and HULBERT, L. (2001) Trace element geochemistry and petrogenesis of barren and ore associated komatiites. Canadian Mineral., v.39, pp.673-696.
- MAIER, W.D., BARNES, S.J., BANDYAYERA, D., LIVESEY, T., LI, C. and RIPLEY, E. (2008) Early Kibaran rift-related mafic-ultramafic magmatism in western Tanzania and Burundi: Petrogenesis and ore potential of the Kapalagulu and Musongati layered intrusions. Lithos, v.101, pp.24-53.
- MONDAL, S.K. and MATHEZ, E.A. (2007) Origin of the UG2 chromitite layer, Bushveld Complex. Jour. Petrol., v.48, pp.495-510.
- MUKHERJEE, R., MONDAL, S.K., ROSING, M.T. and FREI, R. (2010) Compositional variations in the Mesoarchean chromites of the Nuggihalli schist belt, Western Dharwar Craton (India): Potential parental melts and implications for tectonic setting. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v.160, pp.865-885.
- PRAKASH, R., SWARUP, P. and SRIVASTAVA, R.N. (1975) Geology and mineralization in the southern parts of Bundelkhand in Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.16, pp.143-156.
- PRICHARD, H.M. and BROUGH, C. (2009) Potential of ophiolite complexes to host PGE deposits. In: C.Li and E.M.Ripley (Ed.), New developments in magmatic Ni-Cu and PGE deposits. Geological publishing house, Beijing, pp.277-290.
- RIPLEY, E.M. (2009) Magmatic sulfide mineralization in Alaskan-type complexes. In: C.Li and E.M.Ripley (Eds.), New developments in magmatic Ni-Cu and PGE deposits. Geological publishing house, Beijing, pp.219-228.
- SATYANARAYANAN, M., BALARAM, V., PARIJAT ROY, ANJAIAH, K.V. and SINGH, S.P. (2010) Trace, REE and PGE geo-chemistry of the mafic and ultramafic rocks from Bundelkhand craton, Central India. Advances in Geosciences, v.20: Solid Earth (Ed. Kenji Satake), World Scientific Publishing Company, pp.57-79.
- SATYANARAYANAN, M., BALARAM, V., SINGH, S.P., SARMA, D.S., ANJAIAH, K.V. and ADITYA KHARIA (2011) Platinum group elements in Madawara Igneous Complex, Bundelkhand massif, Central India: Some exciting results. DCS-DST Newsletter, v.21 (1), pp.19-24.
- SHARMA, R.P. (1982) Lithostratigraphy, structure and petrology of the Bundelkhand group. In: K.S.Valdiya, S.B.Bhatia and V.K.Gaur (Eds.), Geology of Vindhyanchal. Hindusthan, India, pp.30-46.
- SINGH, S.P., BALARAM, V., SATYANARAYANAN, M., ANJAIAH, K.V. and ADITYA KHARIA (2010) Platinum group elements in basic and ultrabasic rocks around Madawara, Bundelkhand Massif, Central India. Curr. Sci., v.99(3), pp.375-383.
- SUN, S. and MCDONOUGH, W.F. (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A.D. Saunders and M.J. Norry (Eds.), Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., v.42, pp.313-345.
- A Comprehensive Survey Paper on Multi Casting Routing Protocols
Authors
1 Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College, Gorakhpur-273010, IN
Source
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 2, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 172-178Abstract
In a multi-hop mobile ad-hoc network, mobile nodes cooperate to form a network without using any infrastructure such as access points and base stations. Instead, the mobile nodes forward packets for each other's allowing communication among nodes outside wireless transmission range. Examples of applications for ad-hoc networks range from military operation and emergency disaster relief to community networking and interaction among meeting attendees or students during a lecture. In this ad-hoc networking applications, security is necessary to guard the network from various types of attacks. In ad-hoc networks, adverse nodes can freely join the network, listen to and/or interfere with network traffic, and compromise network nodes leads to various network failures. Since routing protocols are a fundamental tool of network-based computation, attacks on unsecured routing protocols can disrupt network performance and reliability. Multicasting is a more efficient method of supporting group communication, as it allows transmission and routing of packets to multiple destinations with fewer network resources. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless links, when sending multiple copies of messages, by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of the wireless medium when multiple mobile nodes are located within the transmission range of a node. Providing efficient multicasting over MANET faces many challenges, including dynamic group membership and constant update of delivery path due to node movement.Keywords
Routing Protocols, MANET, Multicasting, Nodes.- Analyzing the Efficacy of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.)
Authors
1 Department of Horticulture (S K Rajasthan Agricultural University), SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner 303 329, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 7, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 161-165Abstract
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.) is an important medicinal plant whose ischolar_mains are prescribed as medicine for several disorders of females, bronchitis, dropsy, stomach problems, lung inflammation, tuberculosis, arthritis, skin diseases and male impotency. The present experiment was designed to work out a suitable dose of organic manures and fertilizers for ashwagandha. Treatments consisted of nitrogenous (N) and phosphatic (P) fertilizers at 20 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 each, and two levels of farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost and combinations thereof, along with control. The treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that application of 40 kg ha-1 of N and P each as urea and SSP + 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost registered significant values for plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, yield attributing traits, ischolar_main (8.60 q ha-1) and seed yield (85.6 kg ha-1) as well as soil physical properties like organic carbon, hydraulic conductivity and water retention at 33 and 1500kpa besides the highest B:C ratio (2.57).Keywords
Organic, Inorganic, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Yield Attributes, Ashwagandha, Withanolides.- Effect of Spacing and Crop Duration on Growth, Flowering and Bulb Production in Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Cv. Double
Authors
1 Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001, IN
2 ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari – 396 450, IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 5, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 134-137Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at Junagadh during 2002-05 to study the response of spacing (45 x 45, 45 x 30, 45 x 15, 30 x 30 and 30 x 15 cm) and crop duration (first year crop, first ratoon and second ratoon) on growth, flowering, cut flower yield and bulb production in tuberose cv. Double. The widest spacing (45 cm x 45 cm) registered the highest values for plant height (46.18 cm), number of leaves per clump (67.25), spike length (89.64 cm), spike diameter (0.95 cm), diameter of open flower (4.6 cm), rachis length (34.8 cm), number of spikes per clump (4.1), number of florets per spike (48.2), number of bulbs per clump (18.40) and number of bulblets per clump (31.60). It also induced early spike emergence and flowering. A planting distance of 30 x 30 cm realized the highest cut flower yield (2.72 lakh ha-1) and that of 30 cm x 15 cm recorded the highest bulb production (22 lakh ha-1). Ratoon crops showed higher plant height, number of leaves, bulbs, bulblets and spikes per clump and cut flower yield as well as bulb production over the first year crop. Early spike emergence and flowering was also noted in ratoon crops compared to the first year crop. However, spike and flower quality was inferior to that of first year crop with regard to spike length and diameter, number of florets per spike, diameter of open flower and rachis length.Keywords
Tuberose, Spacing, Crop Duration, Growth and Flowering.- Effect of Variation of Separation between the Ultrasonic Transmitter and Receiver on the Accuracy of Distance Measurement
Authors
1 Department of Computer Application, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Physics and Electronics, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.), IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad (U.P.), IN
Source
AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol 1, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 19-28Abstract
Accuracy of distance measurement of an object from an observation point such as a stationary or moving vehicle, equipment or person is most important in large number of present day applications. Ultrasonic sensors are most commonly used due to its simplicity and low cost. The accuracy of the measured distance is dependent on the separation between the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. This dependency has been studied and reported in this paper. The result shows that the accuracy of distance measured is dependent on the separation between the transmitter and the receiver.Keywords
Accuracy of Distance Measurement, Ultrasonic Sensor, Distance Measurement, Microcontroller, Sewer Pipeline Inspection, Sewer Pipeline Maintenance, Robotics.- Performance Analysis of Routing Protocol Based on Center and Dense Mode of Routing Strategies
Authors
1 MMM Engineering College, Gorakhpur, IN
Source
International Journal of Technology, Vol 1, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 130-136Abstract
Ad hoc networks are gaining increasing popularity in recent years because of their ease of deployment. No wired base station or infrastructure is supported, and each host communicates one another via packet radios. In ad hoc networks, routing protocols are challenged with establishing and maintaining multihop routes in the face of mobility, bandwidth limitation and power constraints. In this dissertation, we study the routing strategies for ad hoc networks. On-demand routing protocols and table-driven algorithms are analyzed and compared against each other. Our study shows comparison between routing strategies like Dense mode and Center Mode.Keywords
Dense Mode, Center Mode, Multicast, Unicast.- Isolation, Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter from Meat
Authors
1 College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, IN
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 5, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 246-248Abstract
Study conducted to know epidemiology and accomplish molecular characterization of Campylobacter isolated from meat of different species and human stool samples. A total of 759 samples, consisting of human stool (50) and meat of poultry (251), chevon (183), pork (127), fish (106) as well as carabeef (42) were processed, 50 samples showed characteristic colonies on mCCDA plates. All the 50 isolates were subjected to various biochemical tests and Latex agglutination test for confirmation of the genus Campylobacter. All the isolates were further analysed for molecular confirmation and PCR based genus specific amplification of 16S rRNA gene which yielded product of 816 bp in all the isolates. Multiplex PCR was performed for genus as well as species-level identification; all 50 isolates revealed 857 bp amplicon of 16S rRNA gene specific for genus Campylobacter. Thirty-five isolates exhibited 589 mapA gene amplicon specific for C. jejuni and 16 isolates gave 462 amplification product of ceuE gene specific for C. coli. Overall prevalence was 6.58%. The highest prevalence rate of 13.54% was recorded in poultry meat, followed by 7.6% in chevon, 0.78% in pork and 2% from human stool samples. None of the isolates were recovered from beef and fish meat samples. Most of the obtained isolates were classified as C. jejuni (35 strains, 70%), whereas C. coli was identified in 15 (30%) samples, indicating that the C. jejuni was the most commonly found species.
- On Certain Properties of Generalized Hankel Transforms
Authors
1 Banaras Hindu University, Banaras 5, IN
Source
The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society, Vol 26, No 1-2 (1962), Pagination: 35-52Abstract
Agarwal [1] gave a generalization of the well-known Hankel transform, namely f(x) = ∫ (xy)1/2J, (xy) g(y) dy.- Production Planning in Building Industry
Authors
1 Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, U.P., IN
Source
Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, Vol 56, No 1-4 (1981), Pagination: 43-49Abstract
The near unmanageable requirement of dwellings and other buildings faced up with inadequate resources and manpower can be sobered down to an extent by applying a few managerial techniques during the construction. For instance, methods improvement of various operations by way of introducing simple and ordinary gadgets and tools, improving the work place layout and arranging the motion or working pattern sequence to obtain an overall rhythm and smoothness in the process to increase the productivity and quality as well. For jobs that are highly repetitive, such as, manufacturing of precast building-components, a well conceived production plan having a well organised layout, balanced labour gangs, and optimum quantity of moulds, equipment and materials will bring about nothing but efficiency and cost reduction.
Improved methods of brick-laying, plastering and formwork developed at the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, and production planning for precast roofing and walling components will be described in the paper.
- "Impact of Domestic Violence on Women Empowerment in Forest Villages:A Study of Betul District of M.P."
Authors
1 Indian Institute of Forest Management, P. Box-357, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
Source
Anveshana: search for Knowledge, Vol 2, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 87-110Abstract
This paper is an outcome of NAEB, GoI, New Delhi sponsored Project "Women Empowerment through Forest Development Activities for Sustainable Livelihood in Tribal Districts of M. P.". This study is based on primary data collected from four tribal districts of Madhya Pradesh. The in-depth study was carried out in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. The primary data was collected through organizing, group discussion and structured questionnaire. The detailed house hold interviews of 200 women were conducted in the presence of Forest department officials to understand the insights of the problem. From Betul district five villages were selected namely Kolhudhana, Karanjidol, Sihari, Dharakhoh and Bansbodi, to assess the impact of the problem on various dimensions of Women Empowerment in Forest villages. During scanning of literature the first author has not found any adequate literature which can focus on the impact of domestic violence on women empowerment and how the different intensities of domestic violence different levels of women empowerment. Thus, this affects study is undertaken to assess the impact of domestic violence on women empowerment.The basic objective of this study is to assess the impact of domestic violence on Women Empowerment from different dimensions related to agricultural resource management, livestock resource management, livelihood, forest resource management. Secondly, this paper examines the impact of different intensities of domestic violence categorized as high, medium and low on above resources. The third objective of this paper is to assess how women empowerment can be weaken and how women empowerment could be strengthened. The association of correlation between impact of domestic violence and women empowerment has been found closely associated. At last, the paper reveals that there is a significant impact of domestic violence and its different intensities on women empowerment in forest villages which affects the natural Resource Management. It is highly recommended that a separate study need to be sponsored by Planning Commission for assessing the impact of domestic violence on women empowerment in rural areas, where the natural resources are the main source of livelihood.Keywords
Domestic Violence, Intensity of Domestic Violence, Women Empowerment, Livelihood.- Agricultural Marketing in Hills:A Socio-Economic Analysis of Rajmash Marketing under North-Western Himalayan Region of J&K
Authors
1 Division of Agricultural Economics and Agri-Business Management, SKUAST- J, Main Campus, Chatha (J&K), IN
Source
International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Vol 8, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 325-329Abstract
The Himalayan region extends all along the Northern boundary of India. The diverse ecohabitat of Himalayan region hosts a wide range of plant diversity as well as crop diversity on which native people rely for their food and nutritional security. Traditionally, agriculture on hills was practiced on a subsistence basis but, with the development of means of transport, storage facilities and other infrastructure, hill agriculture has become commercial in character. The present study has been carried out in Bhaderwah and Bhalla blocks of Doda district of J&K state which fall in the North-Western Himalayan region of J&K state. A sample of 100 farmers was drawn for the present study which comprised of 78 marginal farmers, 14 small farmers and 8 medium farmers. Primary data were used to analyze the results.The results revealed that both marketable surplus as well as marketed surplus was higher in case of medium farmers followed by small farmers and marginal farmers. It was found that three types of marketing channels mainly channel-I (Producer - Village Trader - Retailer – Consumer), channel-II (Producer – Retailer – Consumer) and channel-III (Producer – Consumer) were involved in the marketing of Rajmash in the study area. The total marketing cost and marketing margin was found higher in channel-I followed by channel-II and channel-III. The results also indicated that the marketing efficiency of channel-III (1.85) was highest as compared to channel-II (1.44) and channel-I (1.28) and the producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was also maximum in channel-III (97.51 %) followed by channel-II (82.49 %) and channel-I (76.25 %) in the study area.Keywords
Rajmash, Marketable Surplus, Marketed Surplus, Marketing Efficiency.References
- Anonymous (2015). Agricultural statistics at a glance. Directorate of Economics and Statistics.Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.Ministry of Agriculture, NEW DELHI, INDIA.
- Bhat, A., Kachroo, J. and Kachroo, D. (2011). Economic appraisal of kinnow production and its marketing under North-Western Himalayan region of Jammu.Agric. Econ. Res. Rev.,24 (2) : 283-290.
- McConnell, M., Mamidi, S., Lee, R., Chikara, S., Rossi, M., Papa, R. and McClean, P. (2010). Syntenic relationships among legumes revealed using a gene-based genetic linkage map of common bean. Theoretical & Appl. Genet., 40 : 110-124.
- Sharma, P. K., Dwivedi, S. and Jamwal, S. (2013). Agricultural marketing in hills: Problems and opportunities. Hill Agriculture: Econ. & Sustain., pp. 263- 271.
- Sultan, S.M., Dar, S.A., Dand, S.A. and Sivaraj, N. (2014). Diversity of common bean in Jammu and Kashmir, India: a DIVA-geographic information system & cluster analysis. J. Appl.& Nat. Sci., 6(1): 226-233.
- Anonymous (2013). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT database.Website: http://www.fao.org.
- Anonymous (2014). Agriculture Department, Jammu.District Doda at a Glance. Web portal of Doda District, J&K, India. Website: http://doda.gov.in.
- Anonymous (2015).Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Govt. of India. Website: www.mospi.nic.in.
- Study on Self-Confidence of Dairy Farmers and Relationship with their Personal Attributes
Authors
1 Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajput Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (Haryana), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 12, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 95-101Abstract
Dairy enterprise could play a more constructive role in promoting rural welfare and reducing poverty by generating employment at farm level is increasingly being recognized. The present study was conducted on 160 dairy farmers selected from 12 villages of Hisar and Jind districts of Haryana to assess the self-confidence among dairy entrepreneurs about animal husbandry practices. Self-confidence was measured by using innovative scale which consisted of five practices in respect of the dairy management. The respondents were grouped into three categories namely low, medium and high level of self-confidence using mean and one standard deviation. The data were collected through pre-tested structured interview schedule by holding personal interview with the dairy farmers during 2014-15. The overall analysis revealed that 36.88 per cent of dairy farmers had medium level of self-confidence while 33.1 per cent and 30 per cent of dairy farmers were having low and high level of self-confidence, respectively. It is evident from the correlation analysis that educational qualification, size of land holding, annual income, caste, dairy farming experience, extension contact, social participation, mass media exposure, economic motivation, scientific orientation, attitude towards dairy farming and market orientation showed positive and significant relationship (P<1) with self-confidence of dairy farmers while age also having significant but negative correlation with self-confidence of dairy farmers. The negative correlation of age with self-confidence of dairy farmers may be attributed to the reason that with the advancing age farmers become more inclined towards traditional practices due to lack of energy, change proneness, decision making ability and progressive attitude. Almost similar results were also seen in case of small, medium and large categories of farmers. Further, regression analysis revealed that two independent variables namely, caste and economic motivation were found to have positive and significant values of ‘t’ for ‘b’. The multiple co-efficient determinant (R2) further implies that all the thirteen variables had together explained 91.25 per cent of variation towards self-confidence of dairy farmers.Keywords
Self-Confidence, Economic Motivation, Scientific Orientation, Dairy Farmers.References
- Anonymous (2010). Farm Innovators, 2010, ICAR, NEW DELHI, INDIA.
- Anonymous (2012). 19th Livestock census-2012. All India Report. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Government of India New Delhi, Chapter- 3: 11.
- Anonymous (2014). Economic survey of Haryana -2013-14. Department of Economics and Statistical Analysis, Panchkula, Haryana : pp. 40.
- Baindha, A. (2011). Entrepreneurial behaviour of milk processors in Karnal district of Haryana. M.V.Sc. Thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, HARYANA (INDIA).
- Chandrapaul, K. (1998). A study on entrepreneurial behaviour of vegetable growers in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad,A.P. (INDIA).
- Kahan, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship in farming. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome.
- Kayensuza, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial behaviour on scientific dairy farming among youth of Manipur. M.V.Sc. Thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, HARYANA (INDIA).
- Lawrence, C. and Ganguli, D. (2012). Entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers in TamilNadu. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edu., 12 (1): 66 -70.
- Mariammal, R. and Seethalakshmi, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy women in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Internat. J. Sci. Environ. & Technol., 6( 4): 2539 – 2547.
- Patel, Pooja, Patel, M.M., Badodia, S.K. and Sharma, Prabhakar (2014). Entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edu., 14 (2):46-49.
- Satish, M. Sadashive, Santosh, S. Pathade, Manish, N. Sawant, N., Ramesh and Pordhiya, K.I. (2017). Entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers: A study in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Internat. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci.,6 (7): 97-101. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.011.
- Certain Transformations Involving Poly-Basic Hypergeometric Series
Authors
1 Department of Mathematics, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Mathematics, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur, (U.P.), IN
Source
The Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society, Vol 71, No 1-4 (2004), Pagination: 109-117Abstract
Making use of Bailey’s transform and certain known sums of partial series, an attempt has been made to establish certain transformations of poly-basic hypergeometric series.Keywords
Transform, Partial Sum, Truncated Series.- Genetic Variability in Nigella (Nigella sativa L.)
Authors
1 Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi (Bihar), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol 13, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 32-35Abstract
Analysis of variability carried out for ten characters in sixteen diverse genotypes of nigella (Nigella sativa L.) revealed high genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variations for secondary branches per plant, number of grains per fruit, number of fruits per plant, length of fruit (cm) and width of fruit (cm). Heritability estimates were high for number of grains per fruit (0.86), number of fruit per plant (0.78), length of fruit (0.64), days to maturity (0.59), number of secondary branches per plant (0.56) and yield per plant (0.47). Higher genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for number of grains per fruit (46.11%), number of secondary branches per plant (43.99%), number of fruits per plant (39.65%), yield per plant (24.49%), length of fruit (24.12%) and indicating additive gene effect. Quantitative traits like days to maturity, number of secondary branches per plant, number of grains per fruit and number of grains per fruit exhibited wide range of variability (134.33-143.00) maximum genotypic co-efficient of variability (29.53), maximum phenotypic co-efficient of variability (22.18), broad sense heritability (0.86) and gene gain (46.11).Keywords
Nigella, Genetic Advance Heritability, Variability.References
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- Dalkani, M., Hassani, A. and Darvishzadeh, R. (2012). Determination of the genetic variation in ajowan (Carum copticum L.) populations using multivariate statistical techniques. Rev. Cienc. Agron., 43 : 698-705.
- Ghanshyam, Dodiya, N.S., Sharma, S.P., Jain, H.K. and Dashora, A. (2015). Assessment of genetic variability, co-relation and path analysis for yield and its components in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). J. Spices & Aromatic Crop, 24 (1):43-46.
- Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.F. (1955). Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agron. J., 47: 314-318.
- Latif, A. and Rehman, S.Z. (1999). Medicinal use of spices for skin care in Unani medicine. In proc. Golden Jubilee National Symposium of Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic plant- bio-chemistry conservation and utilization held at IISR, Calicut, P.P 274-281.
- Panes, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1978). Statistical method for Agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
- Ramar, A., Thangara, T., Chezhiyan, N. and Shanmuga Sundaram, K.A. (2000). Performance of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under Coimbatore conditions. Proc. Centennial conference on spices and aromatic plants, September 20-23, 2000 held at IIHR, Bangalore. P.49.
- Rajpus, S.S., Singhania, D.L., Singh, D., Sharma, K.C. and Rathore, V.S. (2004). Assessment of genetic variability in fennel (Foeniculum vulgaremill.) germplasm. In national seminar on new perspectives in commercial cultivation. Processing and marketing seed spices and medicinal plants (pp-11):25-26 March, 2004, Jobner.
- Singh, D., Jain, U.K., Rajput, S.S., Khandelwal, V. and Shiva, K.N. (2006). Genetic variation for seed yield and its components and their association in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) germplasm. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic, S.K.N College of Agriculutre, Jobner, Rajasthan, India. J. Spices & Aromatic Crops, 15 : 25-29.
- Singh, S.J and Singh, S.K. (2013). Genetic variability analysis in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). J. Spices & Aromatic Crops, 22 (1): 81-84.
- Yadav, P.S; Pandey, V.P and Yadav, Y. (2013). Variability studies in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.). J. Spices & Aromatic Crops, 22 (2): 203-208.
- The Climate Change Programme of the Department of Science and Technology
Authors
1 Lives at 195-Phase I, Vasant Vihar, Dehradun 248 006, IN
2 Lives at House No. 204, Sector 15A, Noida 201 301, IN
3 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
4 Lives at A-30C, DDA Flats, Munirka, New Delhi 110 067, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 22-24Abstract
We analyse here achievements of DST’s Climate Change Programme run by a small team of science administrators. The programme was run in a campaign mode in which DST science administrators not only made several young scientists interested in the programme, but also played a role of co-partner in developing the project concept and plans. The main features of the programme are: (i) several young scientists have taken lead role in carrying out research in climate change; (ii) creation of research networks; (iii) a remarkable rise in quality research papers; (iv) training of over 35,000 personnel, and (v) a marked change in the style of running a programme in which DST science administrators, committee members and researchers worked together with more trust and understanding, involving frequent interactions.- Cultivation and Market Economics of Lilium Flowers Grown in Kumaun Hills of Uttarakhand
Authors
1 Department of Agriculture Economics, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), IN
2 Allahabad School of Agriculture (SHUATS) Allahabad (U.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 163-166Abstract
Lilium is one of the important bulbous flowers grown in Kumaun hills of Uttarakhand. Present study aims at examining cost incurred in production in terms of percentage and investigating the existing marketing system. The study reveals that the operational cost during first year was the most important item of cost, accounting for 37.32 per cent of the total operational cost. Cuttings formed the chief component of material cost accounting for 97.57 per cent of the total material cost. Cost of production was very high in first year due to high labour and material cost. The yield per hectare was estimated to be 121982 spikes in the first year. Thereafter, yield declined and decreased to 98806 in third year. It is found that lilium cultivation is economically viable.The investigation also reveals that two marketing channels exist in the marketing of lilium flower in the study area. The marketing cost as percentage of consumers rupee, borne by producer in channel-I was 6.41 per cent and 6.36 per cent in channel-II. It was found that retailers get higher relative share in consumer’s rupee. It is suggested that liberal credit facilities need to be made operative for farmers, as Lilium is highly capital intensive enterprise. Development of wholesale markets close to production clusters and related infrastructure in terms of storage, packaging, transport and market information also need to be strengthened to give a boost to production and return from the market.Keywords
Lilium, Cultivation, Marketing, Value-Chain.References
- Chawla, S.L., Patil, S., Ahlawat, T.R. and Agnihotri, R. (2016). Present status, constraints and future potential of floriculture in India. Commercial Horticulture. pp. 29-38, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, India.
- International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH), International Statistics Flowers and Plants, 2010.
- Vahoniya, D., Panigrahy, S.R., Patel, D. and Patel, J. (2018). Status of floriculture in India: With special focus to marketing, Internat. J. Pure App. Biosci., 6 (2): 1434-1438.
- http://www.kiran.nic.in/pdf/Agri-Kaleidoscope/Horticulture-resources/LILIUM.pdf
- The Dichotomy of CSR Approaches and Indian CSR
Authors
1 Indira School of Business Studies, IN
2 Indira Institute of Management, Pune, IN
Source
Indira Management Review, Vol 2, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 6-16Abstract
The concept of CSR originated in thie fifties of tfie last century wlien Howard R Bowen wrote a seminal book Ttie Social Responsibilities of a Businessman (Carroll takes him to be the father of CSR (Carroll, 1999)) Since then the notion of CSR has come to dominate the society business interface and many theories and approaches have been proposed, many definitions have also been given in order to understand and explain the concept. Although the concept has normative origins, a lot of literature has attempted to give positive hue to the concept by linking firm's performance with the performance on CSR. Some have gone ahead and suggested that the CSR notion can be strategically used by companies to gain competitive advantage while some continue to take the stance that it is the moral duty of a business to be socially responsible regardless of its impact on the profitability of the company. The CSR literature is dominated by this dichotomy of approaches mentioned hereinafter as altruistic CSR and strategic CSR. The paper takes a critical look at these two approaches and attempts to define the notion of CSR and its two dimensions strategic and altruistic CSR- Evaluation of Dermatological Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India
Authors
1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur (U.P), IN
2 Integral University, Lucknow (U.P), IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 7 (2019), Pagination: 3517-3521Abstract
In clinical practice dermatological reactions are common but comprehensive information regarding their incidence, severity is often not available as many cases go unreported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the types of dermatological adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a tertiary care hospital and determine their causal relationship with the offending drug. This prospective, observational study was conducted at GSVM medical college Kanpur, Northern India for one year. Patients of all age and either sex were included. Dermatological adverse drug reactions were reported by the physicians of various department of the hospital and their causality assessments were performed as per World health organization (WHO) Uppsala monitoring centre (UMC), Expanded Rawlins and Thompson’s classification was used for determining type of ADRs, outcome and seriousness of ADR were assessed as per WHO. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 105 dermatological adverse drug reactions were reported from various departments of this tertiary care hospital. Most of the adverse drug reactions were observed in the age group of 0–20 year. Rash (35 ADRs) was commonly reported reaction. Anticancer drugs lead to 48 ADRs (mainly with Paclitaxel+Carboplatin-11, Adriamycin+Cyclophosphamide-7), followed by Antibacterial with 28 ADRs (mainly with Vancomycin-6, Cefixime-4 and Amoxicillin-4). A total of 8 ADRs were of serious type mainly with Vancomycin-Red man syndrome-6, Carbamazepine-toxic epidermal necrolysis-1 and Nimesulide-Steven Johnson Syndrome-1. Most of the adverse drug reactions on causality assessment were possible (77, 73.33%) and Probable (28, 26.67%) in nature. Type -B ADRs account for 2/3rd of the total dermatological ADRs. It’s highly emphasized for careful monitoring for ADRs associated with high risk drugs and more awareness should be created.Keywords
Adverse Drug Reaction, Causality, Dermatological, Rash.References
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- Suthar J, Desai S. A study of Adverse Cutaneous Drug Reactions in Outdoor Patients attending to Skin and V.D, Department of Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Int J Res Pharm Biomed Sci. 2011; 2(1): 274–279.
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- Indian Himalayan Timberline Ecotone in Response to Climate Change – Initial Findings
Authors
1 Central Himalayan Environment Association, 6 Waldorf Compound, Mallital, Nainital 263 001, IN
2 Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53, University Road, Lucknow 226 007, IN
3 Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 001, IN
4 G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737 101, IN
5 G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), Kosi-Katramal, Almora 263 643, IN
6 Department of Habitat Ecology, Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248 001, IN
7 Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190 006, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 5 (2021), Pagination: 859-871Abstract
This article enumerates the findings of a team research on the Indian Himalayan timberline ecotone, with focus on three sites (located in Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Sikkim). Timberline elevation increased from west to east, was higher in the warmer south aspect than the cooler north aspect, and was generally depressed. Betula, Abies, Rhododendron and Juniperus were important treeline genera. The Himalaya has not only the highest treelines (Juniperus tibetica, at 4900 m), but also the widest elevational range (>1700 m). Remotely sensed data revealed that the timberline is a long, twisting and turning ecotone, traversing a length of 8–10 km per km horizontal distance. Surface temperature lapse rate in the monsoonal regions was lower (–0.53°C/100 m elevation) than generally perceived and varied considerably with season, being the lowest in December. The Himalayan treeline species are not water-stressed at least in monsoonal regions, predawn tree water potential seldom getting below –1 MPa. The upward advance of Rhododendron campanulatum (a krummholz species) may deplete alpine meadows with climatic warming. Tree-ring chronology indicated that winter warming may be favouring Abies spectabilis. Early snowmelt increased growth period and species richness. Treelines generally are stable in spite of decades of warming. Dependence of people on timberline was still high; so economic interventions are required to reduce the same.Keywords
Climate Change, Temperature Lapse Rate, Timberline Ecotone And Elevation, Tree Water Relation, Treeline Genera.- Efficacy of Mineral and Non-Edible Seed Oils Against Aphids and Whitefly in Potato
Authors
1 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Gwalior 474020, Madhya Pradesh, IN
2 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Jalandhar 144003, Punjab, IN
3 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Gwalior 474020, Madhya Pradesh
4 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Entomology, Vol 84, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 614-616Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at the ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute-Regional Station, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to evaluate efficacy of mineral and non-edible seed oils against green-peach aphid Myzus persicae and cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci in potato. Three sprays were done at 15 days interval revealed that maximum reduction in their incidence was observed with imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) followed by mineral oil (6 ml/ l); B. tabaci incidence reduced by 72.63% and 61.06%, respectively, while it was 87.60% and 62.27% with M. persicae. Similar trend was observed with all the three sprays. The non-edible oils were not effective. Incidence of viruses was the least (0.26 and 0.27%, respectively) with imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) and mineral oil (6 ml/ l). Thus, imidacloprid 17.8SL (0.03%) and mineral oil (6 ml/ l) can be recommended to manage vector-virus complex in potato.Keywords
Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci, potato, Kufri Jyoti, non-edible oil, mineral oil, imidacloprid, sprays, potato virus, vector virus complex, yieldReferences
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- Machine Learning Algorithms for Categorization Of Agricultural Dust Emissions Using Image Processing of Wheat Combine Harvester
Authors
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India., IN
2 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India., IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 9 (2023), Pagination: 1074-1081Abstract
India is the second largest wheat producer in the world after Russia. Wheat harvesting in the country was traditionally done using a sickle, a hand tool. However, in the last two decades, combined harvesters have been extensively used. The rapid development of mechanization has resulted in the production of dust and straw particles during the harvesting operation of wheat. These particles have severe health hazards for the machine operator. Exposure to various types of particulate matter has a variety of effects on human health. Such an effect can be minimized if the concentration of the generated particle is maintained within a permissible limit. Hence, the present study has been conducted to evaluate and categorize dust and straw particles in the workspace of a combine harvester operator during wheat harvesting. An image-processing technique was used to study a field data sample collected on sticky paper. It describes a novel method of collecting dust and straw particles while harvesting wheat. Few studies have been conducted in developing countries to analyse the characteristics of dust and wheat straw exposure of combined harvester operators. The number of dust and straw particles deposited per square millimetre was 9–12, with sizes ranging from 10 to 1400 mm. The extracted data were divided into three groups, viz. thoracic, inhalable and straw and modelled using machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor. With an accuracy of 96%, SVM outperformed the other methods for categorising dust and straw particles, whereas linear discriminant analysis performed poorly with an accuracy of 88%.Keywords
Agriculture, Combine Harvester, Dust and Straw Particles, Image Processing, Machine Learning.References
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